Development of a magnetic activated carbon adsorbent for the removal of common pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Development of a magnetic activated carbon adsorbent for the removal of common pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment F. Vargues1 · M. A. Brion1 · A. M. Rosa da Costa1,2 · J. A. Moreira1,2 · M. Ribau Teixeira1,3 Received: 24 March 2020 / Revised: 14 September 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract This work aims to study the use of a powdered activated carbon with magnetic properties as adsorbent to remove common pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment. This hybrid material was prepared from powdered activated carbon that was combined with iron oxide nanoparticles and was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. It was also assessed for its adsorption ability using ibuprofen and amoxicillin as model drugs. Under the tested conditions, adsorption equilibrium was reached at 160 min for both drugs, with removal rates of 95% for the former and 90% for the latter. Adsorption data were fit to several adsorption kinetics and isotherm models. The adsorption of ibuprofen seems to follow a pseudo-order n kinetics and fits best the Redlich–Peterson isotherm model, whilst that of amoxicillin shows best fits to the Bangham kinetics and Temkin isotherm models. The new adsorbent also proved to be efficient in an urban wastewater spiked with both drugs and to keep its adsorption ability upon regeneration by desorption. Keywords Adsorption kinetics · Amoxicillin · Ibuprofen · Regeneration · Urban wastewater
Introduction Scientific concern about the potential public health and environmental impacts of emergent pollutants has increased during the last decades. These compounds include pharmaceuticals or their metabolites, and they are not completely assimilated by humans and animals. So, they are released continuously into the environment via discharge of treated wastewater, septic systems and sewer lines, landfill leakages, Editorial responsibility: Maryam Shabani. F. Vargues and M. A. Brion both authors contributed equally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03029-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * M. Ribau Teixeira [email protected] 1
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005‑139 Faro, Portugal
2
CIQA-Algarve Chemistry Research Centre, Campus de Gambelas, 8005‑139 Faro, Portugal
3
CENSE-Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Caparica, Portugal
and runoff from animal wastes. Concentrations of individual pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater influents generally are in the range of μg/L, although concentrations as high as several mg/L have been measured in effluents from treatment plants receiving waste from pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities (Guo et al. 2017). Some of these compounds are not completely removed in conventional wastewater treatment processes, so they may persist long enough to enter in drinking water systems, besides the natural attenuation occurri
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