Removal of textile dyes from water by jute stick activated carbon: process optimization and isotherm studies
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Removal of textile dyes from water by jute stick activated carbon: process optimization and isotherm studies R. K. Ghosh1 · D. P. Ray2 · A. Tewari1 · I. Das2 Received: 12 May 2020 / Revised: 10 September 2020 / Accepted: 31 October 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract In this study, jute stick derived activated carbon (JSAC) has been evaluated as an adsorbent to remove textile dyes namely acid red-1 (AR-1), reactive orange-16 (RO-16), and methylene blue (MB) from water using the Box–Behnken model of response surface methodology (RSM). The direct and interaction effects of four independent process parameters namely solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, and time were investigated and optimized for textile dye by using ANOVA. The optimum conditions for maximum % dye removal were found to be pH-3, initial dye concentration-500 mg L−1, adsorbent dose-0.9 gL−1, and time-110 min for AR-1; pH-3, initial dye concentration-350 mg L−1, adsorbent dose1.5 g L−1, and time-110 min for RO-16, and pH-11, initial dye concentration-415 mg L −1, adsorbent dose-0.7 g L −1, and time-86 min for MB, respectively. Adsorption equilibrium investigations were carried out with Langmuir, Freundlich, and Jovanovic models. Based on error analysis, Langmuir isotherm was found the best-fitted model with maximum adsorption capacities of 588.2, 156.3, and 384.6 mg g−1 for AR-1, RO-16, and MB, respectively. The dimensionless factor, RL values (range: 0.0152–0.2665) also indicated spontaneous and favorable adsorption of studied dyes onto JSAC. Dye loaded adsorbents were easily regenerated with 0.1 M HCl (for MB) and 0.1 M NaOH (for AR-1/RO-16) and reused up to the 4th cycle. The present investigation indicated that JSAC, with a highly porous and stable structure coupled with various functional groups, holds immense potential as a new adsorbent for textile dyes. Keywords Textile dye adsorption · Jute stick activated carbon · Response surface methodology · Optimization · Isotherms
Introduction Color has always played an important role in consumerism, and in this era of globalization, with the synthetic dyes we have made enumerable and diversified colorful products around us. There are more than 40 thousand dyes, and Editorial responsibility: R Saravanan. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03003-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * R. K. Ghosh [email protected] 1
Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-National Institute of Natural Fiber Engineering and Technology, Kolkata, India
Quality Evaluation and Improvement Division, ICAR-National Institute of Natural Fiber Engineering and Technology, Kolkata, India
2
globally over 4.5 lakhs tonnes of colored stuff are generated every year. Several industries like textile, paper, print, pharmaceutical, leather, cosmetics, etc. consume synthetic dyes, but textile industries hold the major share by consuming more than 50
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