Dynamics of the enzymatic antioxidants during experimental caprine coccidiosis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Dynamics of the enzymatic antioxidants during experimental caprine coccidiosis E. Rakhshandehroo & S. M. Razavi & S. Nazifi & M. Farzaneh & N. Mobarraei Received: 11 December 2012 / Accepted: 4 January 2013 / Published online: 18 January 2013 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Caprine coccidiosis, caused by coccidian parasites from genus Eimeria, is considered as one of the most common and significant diseases in goats worldwide. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the responses of the enzymatic antioxidant systems during experimental coccidiosis. For this purpose, 20 newborn kids were selected. Ten were infected with sporulated oocysts of the most pathogenic species of Eimeria, and the remainder served as the control. Blood samples were taken at 0 (before inoculation), 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days post-infection (dpi), and antioxidant–oxidantrelated parameters were measured. Our data showed that the activities of the main erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes revealed significant declines at 7 dpi. These decreases were more evident at 14 to 21 dpi and then gradually enhanced to the normal values until 35 dpi; however, total antioxidant capacity revealed a remarkable decrease at 7 dpi and remained on the same level toward the end of the study. By contrast, serum levels of malondialdehyde (a biomarker of lipid peroxidation) and total homocysteine significantly increased at 21 and 14, 21, and 28 dpi, respectively. These observations suggest that caprine coccidiosis can impair the major antioxidant systems leading to remarkable oxidative damages during the infection. Furthermore, oxidative injuries could have a considerable linkage to the pathogenesis of Eimeria parasites.
Introduction Coccidiosis is a common protozoan infection of goats caused by different species of parasites belonging to the genus E. Rakhshandehroo : S. M. Razavi Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran S. Nazifi (*) : M. Farzaneh : N. Mobarraei Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, ShirazP.O. Box 1731-71345, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
Eimeria. The disease has been recognized as a major constraint in intensively reared livestock such as goats and sheep and is frequently reported in many regions of the world (Jalila et al. 1998; Koudela and Boková 1998; Wang et al. 2010). The parasites invade and develop in the intestinal epithelial cells and act as a common cause of diarrhea in young kids. The clinical disease can even result in high mortalities up to 63 % in kids during their first year of age (Symoens et al. 1993). It is evident that normal cellular metabolism includes the production of free radicals which particularly involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Fattman et al. 2003). In numerous pathological states, the systemic amounts of free non-oxygen radicals and ROS reported are increased (Yamazaki et al. 2003; Vladimirov Yu 2004). In response to these elevations, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxi
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