Economic Performance
This chapter makes an evaluation of the Venezuelan economic performance over the 1998–2018 period. The aim is to understand particularly what variables explain (i) the recovery of the economy over the first half of the 2000s as well as (ii) the more or le
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Vitor Eduardo Schincariol
Society and Economy in Venezuela An Overview of the Bolivarian Period (1998-2018)
SpringerBriefs in Sociology
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10410
Vitor Eduardo Schincariol
Society and Economy in Venezuela An Overview of the Bolivarian Period (1998-2018)
Vitor Eduardo Schincariol Federal University of ABC Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
ISSN 2212-6368 ISSN 2212-6376 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Sociology ISBN 978-3-030-60082-2 ISBN 978-3-030-60083-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60083-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Hugo Chávez’s administrations in Venezuela (1998–2013) represented great political and social changes for this nation. Assuming power under a developmentalist and then socialist perspective, Chávez’s administrations introduced new positive political and social features in Venezuela. After an unstable period between 1998–2002, Venezuela also achieved high rates of economic growth until 2007; however, growth dropped after 2008, and with the exception of the 2009–2012 interlude, the economy saw a constant decline. This decline was severely intensified after 2013, during the first presidency of Nicolás Maduro (2013–2018). According to the Economic Commission for Latin 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 cuba
colombia
ecuador
brazil
chile
venezuela
Latin America. Selected nations. Changes in GDP (%). 1999–2018. Constant domestic currencies. (Source
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