Effect of alpha linolenic acid on membrane fluidity and respiration of liver mitochondria in normoglycemic and diabetic
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Effect of alpha linolenic acid on membrane fluidity and respiration of liver mitochondria in normoglycemic and diabetic Wistar rats Ricardo Mejía-Zepeda 1 & Ismael Herminio Pérez-Hernández 1 Received: 19 April 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The omega 3 fatty acids (ω3FA) have been recommended for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its complications, but there are studies questioning those beneficial effects. In this research, we supplemented the short-chain ω3FA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), to a model of rats with T2DM and normoglycemic controls, for 5 months. We were mainly interested in studying the effects of diabetes and ALA on the physicochemical properties of mitochondrial membranes and the consequences on mitochondrial respiration. We found that the Respiratory Control (RC) of diabetic rats was 46% lower than in control rats; in diabetic rats with ALA supplement, it was only 23.9% lower, but in control rats with ALA supplement, the RC was 29.5% higher, apparently improving. Diabetes also decreased the membrane fluidity, changed the thermotropic characteristics of membranes, and increased the proportion of saturated fatty acids. ALA supplement partially kept regulated the physicochemical properties of mitochondrial membranes in induced rats. Our data indicate that diabetes decreased the membrane fluidity through changes in the fatty acids composition that simultaneously affected the RC, which means that the mitochondrial respiration is highly dependent on the physicochemical properties of the membranes. Simultaneously, it was followed the effects of ALA on the progress of diabetes and we found also that the supplementation of ALA helped in controlling glycaemia in rats induced to T2DM; however, in control non-induced rats, the supplementation of ALA derived in characteristics of initial development of diabetes. Keywords Diabetes . Omega 3 fatty acids . Mitochondria . Membrane fluidity . Alpha-linolenic acid . Liver
Introduction The Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a syndrome widely extended all over the world affecting 425 millions of people, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent kind of diabetes, representing around 90% of the clinical cases (IDF 2017). Currently there are researchers supporting the idea that the omega 3 fatty acids (ω3FA) are recommendable for fighting against diabetes and its complications, as well as for preventing its development (Behl and Kotwani 2017; Shahidi and Ambigaipalan 2018), but also, there are researchers questioning such beneficial effects (Tenenbaum and Fisman 2018; The ASCEND Study Collaborative Group 2018). It is well known that the fatty acids are essential * Ricardo Mejía-Zepeda [email protected] 1
Unidad de Biomedicina. FES Iztacala, UNAM. Av. De los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, C.P. 54090 México, Estado de México, Mexico
components of the biological membranes, and because of their melting points, polyunsaturated fatty acids, like ω3FA, mig
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