Effect of Different Foliar Silicon Sources on Cotton Plants
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of Different Foliar Silicon Sources on Cotton Plants Jonas Pereira de Souza Junior 1 & Renato de Mello Prado 1 & Mariana Bomfim Soares 1 & José Lucas Farias da Silva 1 & Victor Hugo de Farias Guedes 1 & Marcilene Machado dos Santos Sarah 1 & Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta 1 Received: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 September 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract The aim was to determine the source and concentration of Si that results in greater accumulation of this element, thereby improving the physiological variables and dry matter production of cotton plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme consisting of four silicon sources: sodium and potassium silicate stabilized with sorbitol (SiAl), monosilicic acid stabilized with PEG400 (SiAc); nanosilica (Nano), and potassium silicate without stabilizers (SiK); and four silicon concentration (0.0; 0.3; 0.6; and 0.8 g L−1), in four repetitions. Leaf Si was supplied in four phenological stages. With a view to determining the homogeneity of the spray solution with Si in the sources used, the solution underwent a polymerization test. The boll and the shoot of the plants were collected, washed, dried, and weighed, and the shoot samples were ground to analyze Si content. Foliar spraying of Si is agronomically viable for the cotton plant since it increases Si accumulation, pigment production and quantum efficiency of photosystem II, and decreased initial and maximum fluorescence, favoring the production of dry matter and boll + seeds. Silicon in the form of sodium and potassium silicate stabilized with sorbitol performed best at a concentration of 0.8 g L−1 of Si in comparison with other sources studied. Keywords Gossypium hirsutum . Photosynthesis . Beneficial element . Leaf fertilization . Soluble source of silicon
1 Introduction Silicon (Si) application has enhanced the development of crops in stress situations, including cotton (Souza Junior et al. 2019), and several countries have included silicate fertilization in their agricultural crops (Tubana et al. 2016). Crops are exposed to different types of stress, which could induce physiological disturbances (Wien 2020). In this situation, supply of Si can relieve the deleterious effect of stress by reducing oxidative stress and decreasing chlorophyll degradation, favoring photosynthesis efficiency (Santos et al. 2020; Souza Junior et al. 2019). In cotton plants, Si can be efficiently supplied through the roots or leaves and increasing dry matter production (Souza Junior et al. 2019); however, in cotton, and other intermediate and Si non-accumulator’s plants, in which root absorption is
* Jonas Pereira de Souza Junior [email protected] 1
Scholl of agricultural and veterinary sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de acesso Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
more difficult (Ma and Yamaji 2006), foliar spraying is a viable alternative (Flores et al. 2019; Mantovani et al. 2018;
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