Effect of Foliar-Applied Silicon on Flower Yield and Essential Oil Composition of Damask Rose ( Rosa damascena Miller) u
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of Foliar-Applied Silicon on Flower Yield and Essential Oil Composition of Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Miller) under Water Deficit Stress Hossein Farahani 1 & Nour Ali Sajedi 2 & Hamid Madani 2 & Mehdi Changizi 2 & Mohammad Reza Naeini 3 Received: 23 August 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of silicon on the flower yield and essential oil composition of damask rose under water deficit stress. Silicon was applied as foliar spray at 0.2 and 0.4% concentrations in spring, summer, or both in spring and summer. Half of the plants irrigated to receive 100% plant water requirement while the other half received only 25% plant water requirement. Water deficit stress resulted in reduction of flower yield of rose (by 20%), while foliar spray of Si, regardless of time and dose of application, resulted in higher flower yield. Both Si nutrition and water deficit stress modified the flower essential oil composition of damask rose by increasing concentration of the acyclic monoterpenoid alcohol compounds including citronellol, citronellol acetate, geraniol, and eugenol. An increase in the concentration of methyl eugenol and nheptadecan in the essential oil by Si application was also observed. In contrast, concentration of alkane compounds in the oil was decreased by Si application. Water deficit stress resulted in 52.4, 46.4, and 43.2% increase in the concentrations of geraniol, citranolol, and eugenol. Foliar application of Si at 0.2% concentration on spring and summer particularly under water stress conditions is useful to increase the essential oil content and concentration of geraniol, citronellol, eugenol and methyl eugenol which are main compounds useful for medicinal, cosmetic, and health applications of rose oil. Keywords Rosa damascena . Potassium silicate . Water deficit stress . Essential oil
1 Introduction Damask rose is one of the most important medicinal, aromatic and ornamental plants which is cultivated for the production of essential oils and medical aspects in many areas of the word e.g. Bulgaria. Turkey. India, Iran and ect [1, 2]. Damask rose essential oil is used in the perfume, cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries [3]. The essential oil of damask rose flower contains large amounts of alcoholic monoterpenes, * Nour Ali Sajedi [email protected] 1
Horticultural Science, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
2
Department of Agronomy and plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
3
Horticulture Crops Research Department, Qom Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
such as geraniol, citronellol, and phenyl ethanol, which are crucial in determining the quality, and especially the smell of damask rose essential oil [4]. In aromatic plants, the growth rate and essential oil are affected by various factors, such as environmental stresses. Wate
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