Effect of different irradiance levels on anatomy and growth of two Malvaceae species during two seasons
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of different irradiance levels on anatomy and growth of two Malvaceae species during two seasons Daniele Ribeiro Contin1 · Eduardo Habermann1 · Vani Maria Alves2 · Carlos Alberto Martinez1 Received: 29 July 2019 / Revised: 2 May 2020 / Accepted: 5 May 2020 / Published online: 14 May 2020 © Botanical Society of Sao Paulo 2020
Abstract The Atlantic Forest is a biodiversity hot spot in a global context that has been undergoing deforestation and fragmentation in the last centuries. The remnant fragments are under the risk of extinction due to continuous and intense anthropic action. Therefore, many restoration projects have been proposed to recover degraded areas. In this study, we evaluated the anatomical acclimation mechanisms and growth of Guazuma ulmifolia and Ceiba speciosa under different irradiance conditions in dry and wet seasons. Both species are used in restoration projects. We found that under low irradiance, plants allocated more resources to leaves than roots and developed larger and thinner leaves with lower stomatal density. On the other hand, when exposed to high-irradiance (HI) conditions, we observed a smaller leaf area and specific leaf area, thicker leaves and increased root biomass. Both species showed better quality (higher values of Dickson quality index) at HI and dry season, presumably because soil moisture was maintained constant during the experiment. Therefore, we concluded that C. speciosa and G. ulmifolia have a better performance under high-irradiance and well-watered conditions, suggesting that both species can be used in open areas of reforestation projects. Keywords Acclimation · Plasticity · Semideciduous seasonal forests · Tropical tree
1 Introduction During the last centuries, the Atlantic Forest has been undergoing deforestation and fragmentation due to the expansion of agriculture and livestock. Decades ago, about 17% of Brazilian territory was covered by the Atlantic Forest; however, only 7% of its original vegetation cover remains (Tabarelli et al. 2005; Metzger 2009). Nowadays, the remained forest fragments are under the risk of extinction due to continuous and intense anthropic action (Morellato 2000; Engel and Parrota 2001; Tabarelli et al. 2005). Besides, Atlantic Forest degradation increases the atmospheric C O2 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00609-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Daniele Ribeiro Contin [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, FMRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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concentration, contributing to the human-induced global warming (Houghton 1991; IPCC 2007; Sterl et al. 2008). This biome is considered a worldwide biodiversity hot spot and one of the largest and most heterogeneous tropical forests in Brazil. It includes a wide range of forest physiognomies s
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