Effect of eccentric-based rehabilitation on hand tremor intensity in Parkinson disease
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of eccentric-based rehabilitation on hand tremor intensity in Parkinson disease Mona Kadkhodaie 1 & Ali Sharifnezhad 2 Amin Ghaffari 5 & Bijan Forogh 1
&
Safoora Ebadi 1
&
Sadegh Marzban 3 & Seyed Amirhassan Habibi 4 &
Received: 25 May 2019 / Accepted: 11 October 2019 # Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia 2019
Abstract Background and purpose Hand tremor is a disturbing yet sometimes resistant symptom in persons with Parkinson disease (PD). Although many exercise regimens for these people have gained attention in recent years, the effect of resistance training and especially eccentric training on parkinsonian tremor is still uncertain. This study was conducted to investigate the precise effect of upper limb eccentric training on hand tremor in PD. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, a consecutive sample of 21 persons with PD recruited from general hospitals went through 6 weeks of upper limb pure eccentric training as the intervention group (n = 11) or no additional exercise during this period as the control group (n = 10). Resting and postural tremor amplitudes were measured with the cellphone-based accelerometer. Results Comparing hand tremor amplitudes before and after the trial showed a significant reduction in resting tremor amplitude in the intervention group after exercise sessions (p < 0.05) while detecting no changes in the control group during 6 weeks of study. Meanwhile, postural tremor amplitude remained unchanged in both groups. Keywords Resistance training . Resting tremor . Parkinson disease . Neurorehabilitation
Abbreviation PD Parkinson disease BMI Body mass index
RPE RM
Rate of perceived exertion Repetition maximum
Introduction * Ali Sharifnezhad [email protected] * Bijan Forogh [email protected] 1
Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Firoozgar Hospital, Behafarin St., Karim Khan St., Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Sport Biomechanics and Technology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, No 3, Alley 5, Mir Emad St., Motahari St., Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Neurology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5
School of Rehabilitation Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Tremor as one of the most important symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD) is described as a rhythmic involuntary limb or head movement and includes rest tremor and action tremor. Action tremor is also subdivided into postural and kinetic tremor. Although all tremor types may arise in persons with PD, the most important and prevalent type is resting tremor which is also part of PD diagnostic criteria [1]. Hand tremor can lead to problems like isolation, social embarrassment, fine motor dysfunction, and even causing postural instability [2]. First-line treatment of PD tremor is medications; still, the level of effectiveness is unpredictable and variable [3]. Considerin
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