Effect of Ferrous Iron Addition on Ammonium Nitrogen Removal and Microbial Communities in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Con
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CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
Effect of Ferrous Iron Addition on Ammonium Nitrogen Removal and Microbial Communities in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands Yan Zhang 1 & Chunyan Fu 1 & Xinhua Li 2 & Hongyun Dong 2 & Jiaqiang Wu 1 & Tianhong Shi 1 & Baixing Yan 3 & Xuelan Liu 1 Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 # Society of Wetland Scientists 2020
Abstract This study explored the influence of ferrous iron (Fe2+) addition on ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) removal and microbial communities in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSFs) at different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios. Fe2+ addition could improve NH4-N removal under the C/N ratio of 2.1 and alter the microbial community structure. The microbial diversity and functional genes at the C/N ratio of 2.1 were enhanced by the addition of 50 mg/L Fe2+, with the increases observed in NH4-N and total nitrogen (TN) removal. This indicates the enhancement of nitrogen removal by Fe2+ addition with the presence of high organic matter. However, the enhancement of Fe2+ on chemical oxygen demand removal was not obvious overall. The relative abundance of functional genes and those related to energy metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation, and metabolism decreased significantly in HSSFs with Fe2+ at C/N ratio of 1.1, whereas they increased in HSSFs with the addition of 50 mg/L Fe2+ at C/N ratio of 2.1. Keywords Ferric iron . Constructed wetlands . Nitrogen removal . C/N ratios . Hydraulic retention time
Introduction As a green treatment technology and environmental friendly systems, horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands Highlights • Fe2+ addition could improve the capability of ammonium nitrogen removal at the C/N ratio of 2.1 in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. • Fe2+ addition enhanced bacterial community diversity in constructed wetlands, and also increased the relative abundance of functional genes at C/N ratio of 2.1. • The Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis were used in the paper. * Xuelan Liu [email protected] 1
Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 1 Jiaoxiao Road, Jinan 250023, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
2
Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Wetland and Eco-Agriculture, Shandong Institute of Agricultural Sustainable Development, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
3
Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
(HSSFs) are widely employed due to their unique advantages, including higher effluent quality, low energy consumption, and low operation and maintenance costs (Saeed and Sun 2012; Wang et al. 2020b; Chen et al. 2020). However, despite their beneficial environments for denitrification, HSSFs are not able to achieve full nitrification due to their limited oxygen-transfer capacity (Vymazal 2007; Song et al. 2010), leading to low nitrogen removal performances (especial
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