The Nutrient Removal Ability and Microbial Communities in a Pilot-Scale Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland F
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CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
The Nutrient Removal Ability and Microbial Communities in a Pilot-Scale Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Fed by Slightly Polluted Lake Water Weigang Wang 1 & Yuhao Zhao 1 & Guangmeng Jiang 1 & Yayi Wang 1 Received: 21 February 2020 / Accepted: 5 June 2020 # Society of Wetland Scientists 2020
Abstract A pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HFCW) was established to investigate the feasibility of removing nutrients from natural water in Lake Xijiu, Jiangsu Province, China. The HFCW, planted with reeds (Phragmites communis) and irises (Iris tectorum Maxim), was operated for 227 days. The mean removal efficiency of NH4+-N was 36.7%, of total nitrogen (TN) 70.2%, of total phosphorus 75.3%, of permanganate index (CODMn) 35.8%, and of Chlorophyll a 70.0%. The effluent concentrations of these pollutants were all within the Grade III threshold of China’s water quality standards for surface water. Correlation analysis showed that TN removal was related to the CODMn concentration in the influent (r2 = 0.65) and was closely related to the temperature (r2 = 0.91). The HFCW had a water production efficiency of 98%–99% over the entire operational period, which suggests that it did not block easily. Results from 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that Proteobacteria (40.65%) dominated at the phylum level. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Nitrosomonadaceae (3.57%) was highest in autumn and the spatial distribution from the front to the back varied slightly from 2.57% to 2.99%. Our results will help researchers to develop optimal designs for HFCW systems to treat slightly polluted water. Keywords In situ purification . Operational condition . Microbial analysis . Nitrogen removal . Organic matter removal . Linear correlation
Introduction Agricultural and industrial development in China threatens urban water supplies by increasing levels of pollutants. The concentrations of nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in sources of urban water such as Lake Xijiu (Yixing, Jiangsu Province) often exceed environmental safety standards, which leads to abundant aquatic plant growth and increasing public concern (Hu et al. 2014). Lake Xijiu is Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01327-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yayi Wang [email protected]; [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People’s Republic of China
eutrophic and experiences annual cyanobacterial blooms and, in common with other eutrophic surface water bodies, is mainly polluted by ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), P, and organic matter. Chlorine is generally added in conventional water treatment to remove NH4+-N, which raises the chlorine level and triggers the formation of ha
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