Study on Domestic Wastewater Treatment of the Horizontal Subsurface Flow Wetlands (HSSF-CWs) Using Brachiaria mutica
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Study on Domestic Wastewater Treatment of the Horizontal Subsurface Flow Wetlands (HSSF‑CWs) Using Brachiaria mutica Van Thi Thanh Ho1 · Minh Pham Dang1 · Lam Tu Lien1 · Tai Thien Huynh1 · Tran Van Hung2,3 · Long Giang Bach4 Received: 17 October 2019 / Accepted: 24 April 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of domestic wastewater treatment on the horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs) using Brachiaria mutica vegetation. We used two wetland models: one with plants and the other without plants. These models were built according to the following dimensions (L × W × H = 1.2 × 0.4 × 0.8 m) and operated at four organic loads (30, 60, 90, 120 kg COD/ha.day) for 3 months. Parameters including pH, COD, BOD5, TSS, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total coliforms were analyzed. The levels of pollutants in domestic wastewater after treatment were significantly reduced. The values of percentage removal (%) were as follows: COD 81.58%, BOD5 93.3%, TSS 67.2%, TN 58.6%, TP 85.5%, and total coliforms 90.4%. Our results also indicate that the organic loading rate (OLR) ranging between 60 and 120 kg COD/ha.day is suitable to be implemented in the actual domestic wastewater treatment. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Constructed wetland · Horizontal subsurface flow · Brachiaria mutica · Domestic wastewater
Statement of Novelty
* Van Thi Thanh Ho [email protected] 1
Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment (HCMUNRE), Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
2
Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam
3
The Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam
4
NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Constructed wetland planted with macrophytes has been applied for wastewater treatment because of its effectiveness and simplicity of operation. Para grass (Brachiaria mutica) is a plant that has the ability for high recovery after cutting, and it can absorb nutrients found in wastewater for its growth and development. This paper presents novel research performed on a low-cost, environmentally friendly and effective wetland planted with Para grass for domestic wastewater treatment. Our results indicate that the wetland system used in our study can be used for small-scale domestic wastewater treatment with high efficiency, and the plant biomass can be used as an animal feed.
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Introduction In Vietnam, most of the domestic wastewater in urban areas is not centrally but locally treated in the householders’ septic tank and discharged directly into the environment, which has led to the extensive pollution of lakes and rivers [1]. These pollutants can be removed by using several ways, such as chemical treatment, sedimentation, and coagulation. However, these methods are costly in terms of technological investment and operations. Meanwhile, biological treatment requires lower investment and
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