Effect of gamma irradiation and lead content on the physical and shielding properties of PVC/NBR polymer blends
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Effect of gamma irradiation and lead content on the physical and shielding properties of PVC/NBR polymer blends Salma Atef1 · Doaa E. El‑Nashar2 · A. H. Ashour3 · S. El‑Fiki1 · S. U. El‑Kameesy1 · M. Medhat1 Received: 14 May 2019 / Revised: 10 October 2019 / Accepted: 8 November 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract In the present work, polyvinylchloride/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber PVC/NBR was blended on a Brabender mixer. The blends obtained were cured with peroxide curing systems and loaded with different concentrations of lead monoxide (PbO) for increasing shielding properties of the investigated blends. The physicomechanical and the shielding properties of the prepared blends were evaluated. The surface morphology and structure of the blends were studied by SEM, XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. The morphological analysis of the blends shows that PbO material exhibited homogeneous dispersion in polymer matrix. The gamma attenuation performance of the composites was evaluated by 232Th gamma radiation source. Mass attenuation coefficients of the blends were found to be increased with the increase in PbO content. The tensile strength was found to be enhanced in the presence of the lead oxide filler till 60 phr. The investigated blends were irradiated by 60Co gamma radiation source. The dielectric properties of the prepared blends were evaluated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The physicomechanical and dielectric properties of the irradiated blends were investigated. Based on the present obtained results, PVC/NBR/PbO blends are promising materials for low gamma radiation doses. Keywords Polymer · Shielding · Gamma irradiation · Polyvinyl chloride · Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber
* Salma Atef [email protected] 1
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt
2
Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
3
Atomic Energy Authority, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Polymer Bulletin
Introduction Today’s rapid evolution in radiation technology and applications in several fields such as industry, agriculture and medicine have made humans at risk of exposure to harmful ionizing radiation. Therefore, it became necessary to have radiation protection materials that could withstand long periods of time [1, 2]. Occupational workers in nuclear reactors, radiotherapy or X-ray radiography, space applications, etc., need a flexible shield cloth or apron so that lead- or lead-oxidefilled polymer composites are preferred to be used [3]. Lead and its components are widely used for gamma radiation shielding because of their low cost, heavy molecular weight, high density and high performance [3, 4]. Polymers are widely preferred for shielding purposes because of their unique properties like low density, low cost, less toxicity, high flexibility and ease of processibility [5]. Poly
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