Effect of Granite Dust as Partial Replacement to Natural Sand on Strength and Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Beams
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Effect of Granite Dust as Partial Replacement to Natural Sand on Strength and Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Beams Sonali Upadhyaya1 • Bharadwaj Nanda1
•
Ramakanta Panigrahi1
Received: 23 May 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 Ó The Institution of Engineers (India) 2020
Abstract The possibility of using granite dust as partial replacement to natural sand in reinforced concrete beams is evaluated in this paper through a series of experimental investigations. The optimum sand replacement per cent is estimated through compressive strength tests on cube and cylindrical specimens. Then, three flexure-deficient reinforced concrete beams were cast using the blended fine aggregate and tested to study their behaviour under flexural loading. It included the determination of ultimate strength, load–deflection characteristics, crack pattern, ductility, and flexural rigidity of the reinforced concrete beam. The outcomes of these tests are compared with the outcomes of the control concrete beam. Based on these extensive studies, it can be concluded that up to 15% of natural river sand can be substituted with granite dust for manufacturing reinforced concrete structures. Keywords Granite dust Natural sand replacement Ultimate strength Reinforced concrete beams
Introduction River sand is one of the main constituents of concrete. However, its extraction creates many environmental problems. This includes the deepening of the river bed, bank slides, widening of the river mouth, and disturbances to aquatic life. Hence, attempts are made to provide a sustainable alternative at a lower cost. & Bharadwaj Nanda [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, India
Several researchers have proposed the use of rice husk ash [1], silica fume [2], ground granulated blast furnace slag [3], fly ash [4], quarry dust [5–7], etc. as the alternatives to the natural river sand. Yet, the use of granite dust nowadays draws the attention of researchers around the world [8]. Granite dust is generated from the granite industries during the mining, transportation, crushing, and screening of the coarse aggregates. It is mainly used in the construction of road pavements, railway tracks, etc. It is highly durable and shows pozzolanic behaviour in the presence of calcium hydroxide. The literature study revealed that the workability and air content in fresh concrete, and water permeability in hardened concrete increase with the increase in sand replacement using granite dust [9]. The suggested optimum replacement level of sand by granite dust was 5% for impact resistance, 10% for compressive strength and flexural strength, and 15% for water absorption in hardened concrete [9]. In comparison, the optimum replacement level for the splitting tensile strength of concrete is found to be 15% [10]. Beyond the 15% replacement level, the durability properties such as chloride penetration of hardened concrete sharply decrease [11, 12]. Singh et al. [13] reported tha
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