In Vivo Genotoxicity of Rice Husk Biochar on Eudrilus eugeniae in Soil
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In Vivo Genotoxicity of Rice Husk Biochar on Eudrilus eugeniae in Soil Ihuoma N. Anyanwu1 · Daniel J. Onwukwe2 · Chioma O. Anorue1 Received: 30 March 2020 / Accepted: 22 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Biochar (char-product), generated by pyrolyzing organic materials, is produced for the intended use of land application to promote carbon sequestration, soil improvement and crop-yield. Despite the benefits biochar applications offers, scientific probing on impacts that may result from amendments with biochar is still fragmented. In this study, impact of biochar on Eudrilus eugeniae DNA was investigated. Rice-husk biochar was applied to soil at rates up to 80% d/w and earthworms were exposed for 35-day. Impact on DNA was measured using electrophoresis-gel-extraction-method. Data obtained showed that biochar application over 25% resulted in decreased survival. Electrophoresis-gel-analysis showed that DNA decreased from 450 to 300 bp in biochar soils (p = 0.002). Biochar rates (5%–25%) induced DNA damage. The DNA showed smeared bands or tail; indicating DNA degradation and/or damage. DNA damage is a clear evidence of negative impact of biochar(s) to soil-biota; suggesting that loading of soil with biochar could have serious consequences on soil-fauna. Keywords Rice husk · Biochar · Earthworm · Base pair · DNA damage · Soil The world is now highly depended on organic fertilizer (biofertilizer), organic farming and organic food. However, production and usage of these organic fertilizers (such as biochar) may be associated with environmental risks. Thus, interest in understanding biochar as a whole, especially its prospects and applications for environmental management is on the increase. Biochar–soil amendment has been recognized as a multifunctional material related to carbon sequestration, contaminant immobilization, greenhouse gas reduction, soil fertilization, and water filtration (Lehmann and Joseph 2009; Anyanwu et al. 2018b, d; Elliston and Oliver 2019; Liu et al. 2019). However, the wider soil ecosystem impacts of biochar addition need to be considered and evaluated, particularly as biochar addition is effectively Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02980-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ihuoma N. Anyanwu [email protected] 1
Department of Biological Sciences, AE-Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Department of Biotechnology, AE-Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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permanent, lasting for thousands of years, on account of its recalcitrance (Gruss et al. 2019; Elliston and Oliver 2019). Furthermore, biochar can be produced and aged before its use. But, the effect of aged biochar application on soil biota DNA is scarcely reported in literature. Although studies have been widely conducted on soil and water pollution using biochar. According
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