Effect of Silane Coupling Agents on Rice Straw Fiber/Polymer Composites
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Effect of Silane Coupling Agents on Rice Straw Fiber/ Polymer Composites M. R. Ismail & Ali A. M. Yassene & Hassan M. H. Abd El Bary
Received: 22 September 2010 / Accepted: 16 June 2011 / Published online: 15 July 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011
Abstract The effect of coupling agents and electron beam (EB) irradiation dose on the mechanical properties of composites made from rice straw fibers and polymers have been studied. Samples were made by hot pressing of mix composition at 130°C. The pressed samples were subjected to electron beam irradiation dose ranged from 10 to 50 kGy. Increasing the electron beam irradiation dose increased the value of flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and impact strength. It was also observed that, the properties of composites containing γ-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (A-1100) are lower than those of composites containing N-(2aminoethyl)-3-amino propyltrimethoxy silane (A-700) coupling agents. These are attributed to a hydrogen bonding formation between the amine or protonated amine and the hydroxyl groups of rice straw fibers. The presence of coupling agents in the composites during the EB irradiation process produce a more free radicals which are enough to form a chemical bonding between the rice straw fiber and polymer. The thickness swelling and water absorption values decrease with increasing the EB irradiation dose with presence of coupling agents in the composite. Keywords Coupling agent . EB irradiation . Fiber/polymer composite and mechanical properties
1 Introduction The interaction between wood and plastic components has long been the subject of intense research because of its importance in the performance of the composite. Lu et al. [1] recently reviewed the considerable research on the use of coupling agents and treatment to improve the bonding between wood and plastic. The mechanical properties of the bagase M. R. Ismail : A. A. M. Yassene (*) Radiation Chemistry Department, NCRRT, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt e-mail: [email protected] H. M. H. Abd El Bary Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Appl Compos Mater (2012) 19:409–425
particleboards were compared to those of hardwood aspen fiber particleboards as well as those of composites made from bagasse, polymer and coupling agent [2]. Bagasse particleboards comprised both thermoplastic and coupling agent offered superior properties compared to boards made only of thermoplastic or coupling agent. Acetylating with acetic anhydride caused the bagasse fibers to become more hydrophobic as evidenced by a lowering of the equilibrium moisture content as level of acetylating increased [3]. Fiberboard’s made from acetylated fibers swelled at a much slower rate and to a lesser extent as compared to control fiberboard’s. Internal bond strength was higher in acetylated fiberboard’s, while modulus of rupture and elasticity were slightly lower in acetylated boards as compared to control boards. Ishada [4] reported that silanes are applied using either an a
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