Effect of Statin Therapy on the Plasma Concentrations of Retinol, Alpha-Tocopherol and Coenzyme Q10 in Children with Fam
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of Statin Therapy on the Plasma Concentrations of Retinol, Alpha-Tocopherol and Coenzyme Q10 in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia Radosław Motkowski 1
&
Mateusz Maciejczyk 2 & Marta Hryniewicka 3 & Joanna Karpińska 3 & Bożena Mikołuć 1
Accepted: 2 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) requires early treatment. However, statins, which are regarded the first-line therapy, have an influence on redox balance. Antioxidant vitamins are important for many metabolic processes in the developing body. There are few data available on the long-term safety of statin use in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of statin treatment in children with FH on plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins: retinol, alpha-tocopherol and coenzyme Q10. Methods The first study group consisted of 13 children aged 10–18 years treated with simvastatin for at least 6 months, and the second group comprised 13 age- and sex-matched children with hypercholesterolemia, in whom pharmacological treatment had not been applied yet. Analyses were performed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with a MS detector. Results The analysis did not reveal significant differences in the concentration of retinol, alpha-tocopherol or coenzyme Q10 between the studied groups. The adjustment of the concentrations of the vitamins to the cholesterol level also indicated no significant differences. We found no deficits in antioxidant vitamins in patients treated with statins, or any risk of adverse effects associated with an increase in their concentration. Conclusion There is no rationale for additional supplementation using antioxidant vitamins or modification of low-fat and lowcholesterol diet in pediatric patients treated with statins. Keywords Familial hypercholesterolemia . Simvastatin . Children . Retinol . Alpha-tocopherol . Coenzyme Q10
Introduction Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomaldominant genetic disorder characterized by an elevated lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level and premature coronary heart disease due to atherosclerosis. The genetic cause Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-020-07091-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Radosław Motkowski [email protected] 1
Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
2
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
3
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
for FH is most often mutation within the LDL receptor and apolipoprotein B genes. According to the study by Nordestgaard and Benn, the prevalence of heterozygous FH in Europe is 1 in 217 [1]. In FH patients, cardiovascular mortality is approximately 100 times greater than in the general population
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