The Production of Coenzyme Q10 in Microorganisms
Coenzyme Q10 has emerged as a valuable molecule for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Therefore, research into producing and optimizing coenzyme Q10 via microbial fermentation is ongoing. There are two major paths being explored for maximizing pro
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The Production of Coenzyme Q10 in Microorganisms Corinne P. Cluis, Dominic Pinel, and Vincent J. Martin
Abstract Coenzyme Q10 has emerged as a valuable molecule for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Therefore, research into producing and optimizing coenzyme Q10 via microbial fermentation is ongoing. There are two major paths being explored for maximizing production of this molecule to commercially advantageous levels. The first entails using microbes that naturally produce coenzyme Q10 as fermentation biocatalysts and optimizing the fermentation parameters in order to reach industrial levels of production. However, the natural coenzyme Q10-producing microbes tend to be intractable for industrial fermentation settings. The second path to coenzyme Q10 production being explored is to engineer Escherichia coli with the ability to biosynthesize this molecule in order to take advantage of its more favourable fermentation characteristics and the well-understood array of genetic tools available for this bacteria. Although many studies have attempted to over-produce coenzyme Q10 in E. coli through genetic engineering, production titres still remain below those of the natural coenzyme Q10-producing microorganisms. Current research is providing the knowledge needed to alleviate the bottlenecks involved in producing coenzyme Q10 from an E. coli strain platform and the fermentation parameters that could dramatically increase production titres from natural microbial producers. Synthesizing the lessons learned from both approaches may be the key towards a more cost-effective coenzyme Q10 industry. Keywords Coenzyme Q10 • Escherichia coli • Metabolic engineering • Rhizobium radiobacter • Ubiquinone
C.P. Cluis • D. Pinel • V.J. Martin (*) Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke West, Montréal H4B 1R6, Québec, Canada e-mail: [email protected] X. Wang et al. (eds.), Reprogramming Microbial Metabolic Pathways, Subcellular Biochemistry 64, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5055-5_15, © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012
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Abbreviations 8P-Ph 10P-Ph CoQn DCW DMAPP DNP DO DPP DPS DXP E4P FPP G3P IPP MEP NADH NADPH OPP PEP PHB
15.1 15.1.1
2-Octaprenylphenol 2-Decaprenylphenol Coenzyme Qn Dry cell weight Dimethylallyl diphosphate 2,4-Dinitrophenol Dissolved oxygen Decaprenyl diphosphate Decaprenyl diphosphate synthase 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate Erythrose-4-phosphate Farnesyl diphosphate Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Isopentenyl diphosphate 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate Octaprenyl diphosphate Phosphoenolpyruvate Para-hydroxybenzoic acid
Introduction Physiological Functions and Applications of Coenzyme Q10 in Medicine
Coenzyme Qn, also known as ubiquinone, is a lipid-soluble molecule with high redox potential. It is formed of a benzoic group conjugated to a long isoprenoid chain with a varying number (n) of isoprene units (Fig. 15.1). Humans naturally produce coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), whic
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