Effect of virus infection on the secondary metabolite production and phytohormone biosynthesis in plants
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Effect of virus infection on the secondary metabolite production and phytohormone biosynthesis in plants Jyoti Mishra1,2 · Rakesh Srivastava1 · Prabodh K. Trivedi1,2,3 · Praveen C. Verma1,2 Received: 27 November 2019 / Accepted: 31 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Plants have evolved according to their environmental conditions and continuously interact with different biological entities. These interactions induce many positive and negative effects on plant metabolism. Many viruses also associate with various plant species and alter their metabolism. Further, virus–plant interaction also alters the expression of many plant hormones. To overcome the biotic stress imposed by the virus’s infestation, plants produce different kinds of secondary metabolites that play a significant role in plant defense against the viral infection. In this review, we briefly highlight the mechanism of virus infection, their influence on the plant secondary metabolites and phytohormone biosynthesis in response to the virus–plant interactions. Keywords Secondary metabolites · Phytohormones · Viruses · Biotic stress · Defense
Introduction Plants have tremendously evolved owing to their sporadicity in continuum with the climatic conditions, where they are subjective to diverse and complex interactions involving multitudinous biotic and abiotic stress factors. Plant viruses are obligate and biotrophic pathogens, which are responsible for severe diseases in plants, resulting in major losses in many important crops. The development of symptoms is likely to be the result of a complex interplay between plant and virus in the context of cellular homeostasis. The viral infection affects the physiological and biochemical processes within the plant. These alterations often lead to the appearance of symptoms such as stunting, mottling or wrinkling of leaves, wilting, chlorotic or necrotic lesions, abscission of leaves and fruits, and the development of abnormal growth forms such as galls (enations) and phyllody. * Praveen C. Verma [email protected] 1
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
2
Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
3
CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India
During evolution, plants have developed some special mechanisms allowing them to live in stressful conditions, including a plethora of parasite infestation. These stresses are intensely complex which induce changes at the cellular, physiological, and genome levels, but to overcome this situation, the accumulation of secondary metabolites plays a major role (Atkinson and Urwin 2012; Srivastava et al. 2018). The secondary metabolites are small organic compounds present in their natural forms in plants. They are associated to develop the essential biological roles during biotic and abiotic stress, facilitati
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