Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Effects on Secondary Metabolite Production in Medicinal Plants
Medicinal plants are used by 80% of the world population for their primary health care. The medicinal value of plants is primarily attributed to the secondary metabolite content such as terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. These compounds play a crucial
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Effects on Secondary Metabolite Production in Medicinal Plants Devendra K. Pandey, Prabhjot Kaur, and Abhijit Dey
Abstract Medicinal plants are used by 80% of the world population for their primary health care. The medicinal value of plants is primarily attributed to the secondary metabolite content such as terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. These compounds play a crucial role in plant defense, are merchandised valued for their therapeutic applications and ecological role, and are also used as flavoring agents. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or Glomeromycota is known to form a symbiotic relationship with many terrestrial plants. AM fungi–plant consortium enhanced the production of plant terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics, which are valuable to human health. The potential role of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis in amplification of the secondary metabolite content has attained enormous recognition for sustainable cultivation of medicinally important crops. AMF–plant symbiosis not only improves the growth and nutrients but also exerts a synergistic effect on accumulation of bioactive compounds with medicinal importance. Current studies have also recognized AM-mediated modulation of morphology, biochemistry, and gene expression in medicinal as well as in the industrial important plants. This chapter provides an appraisal on contemporary finding in the area of AMF investigation with a marked emphasis on the yield of pharmaceutically important plant-derived secondary metabolites. Keywords Secondary metabolites · Medicinal plants · Nutrient uptake · AM fungi
D. K. Pandey (*) · P. Kaur Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India A. Dey Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 P. Gehlot, J. Singh (eds.), Fungi and their Role in Sustainable Development: Current Perspectives, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0393-7_28
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28.1 Introduction The use of medicinal plants as therapeutic agents against various diseases has been notable for thousands of years (Gopal 2001). The World Health Organization (WHO) appraises that more than 80% of global population utilize plants and plant products for their primary health care (Cordell 1995). There is a huge demand for traditional herbal medicine which has increased several folds globally during the recent past. The primary reason behind this boon is thought to be the introduction of traditional knowledge-based drugs like Taxol (anticancer), Artemisinin (antimalarial), Forskolin (antihypertensive) (Ghisalberti 1993), and many others in the Western market. Fransworth et al. (1985) estimated that at least 119 compounds derived from 90 plant species are considerably significant drugs currently practiced in one or more countries and 77% of these are obtained mostly from botanicals used in traditional medicine. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the Indian syst
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