Effect of Zero-Valent Iron on Arsenic Uptake by Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and its Relationship with Iron, Arsenic, and Pho
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Effect of Zero-Valent Iron on Arsenic Uptake by Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its Relationship with Iron, Arsenic, and Phosphorus in Soil and Iron Plaque Liqiong Hu & Min Zeng & Ming Lei & Bohan Liao & Hang Zhou
Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract An outdoor pot experiment was conducted to study the control effects of zero-valent iron (Fe0) on arsenic (As) uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its relationship with iron (Fe), As, and phosphorus (P) in soil and Fe plaque. The results showed that Fe0 reduced total and inorganic As in root, husk, and grain but had no significant effect in straw, and almost all contents of As species in rice plant were decreased by Fe0. Total As contents in root, husk, and grain were decreased (54.8%, 39.9%, 30.1%), while reductions of inorganic As were 59.2%, 30.8%, and 30.3%, respectively. The inorganic As in all issues of rice plant was dominated and higher than 70% of total As. The analysis showed that the main mechanisms of Fe0 on reduction of As in rice were (i) L. Hu South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of ecology and environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, China B. Liao : H. Zhou College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China e-mail: [email protected]
Present Address: M. Zeng (*) College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China e-mail: [email protected] Present Address: M. Lei (*) Dongguan Dongshi New Energy Co. Ltd, Dongguan 523160 Guang Dong, China e-mail: [email protected]
Fe0 stabilized the active As in soil, (ii) Fe0 increased the quantity of Fe plaque that hindered the transport of arsenic in soil to rice plant, and (iii) phosphorus adsorbed on the Fe plaque reduced As into rice root by the competitive mechanism between phosphorus and arsenic.
Keywords Zero-valent iron . Rice . Arsenic species . Iron plaque . Phosphorus
1 Introduction Agricultural product security has been deeply concerned by Chinese public because of the cadmium (Cd) pollution event of Hunan rice occurring in early 2013 of China. In fact, beside Cd pollution, large areas of paddy fields contaminated with arsenic (As) have resulted in As-contaminated rice in those areas (Rahman et al. 2007; Suriyagoda et al. 2018; Zavala and Duxbury 2008; Xue et al. 2017). Threatening human health through diets, different As species has different degrees of toxicity (Bakhat et al. 2017; Petrick et al. 2000; Pontius et al. 1994; Suriyagoda et al. 2018). In general, inorganic As is considered to be more toxic than methylated As compounds (Bakhat et al. 2017; Petrick et al. 2000). Calatayud et al. (2013) found that AsIII induced death mainly by necrosis, whereas only apoptotic cells were detected after exposure to MMAIII, and for DMAIII, the percentages of apoptosis and necrosis were similar. Petrick et al. (2000) reported that the following order of toxicity in human hepatocytes was
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