Effects of steel slag amendments on accumulation of cadmium and arsenic by rice ( Oryza sativa ) in a historically conta
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of steel slag amendments on accumulation of cadmium and arsenic by rice (Oryza sativa) in a historically contaminated paddy field Huaidong He 1
&
Qingqing Xiao 2 & Ming Yuan 3 & Run Huang 1 & Xianbin Sun 1 & Xiaomei Wang 1 & Huaiqiong Zhao 1
Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Paddy soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) is a great concern. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of steel slag (SS, 2.0 and 4.0 t ha−1) on the solubility of Cd and As in soil and their accumulation by rice plants grown in a historically co-contaminated paddy field with Cd and As. The results showed that SS amendment (4.0 t ha−1) significantly decreased soluble concentrations of Cd in pore-water but increased that of As, related to markedly elevated soil pH and soluble silicon, phosphorus of pore-water in rice rhizosphere at both heading and mature stages. The amendments also evidently decreased Cd but enhanced As in iron plaque on root surfaces, while the formation of iron plaque was not significantly increased. Further, SS amendment (4.0 t ha−1) markedly reduced Cd concentrations in rice tissues (roots, straw, and brown rice) by 48–78% at both stages, though increased As by 13–38%. Cadmium translocation from roots to aerial parts decreased significantly after the amendments, but not for As. Besides, SS application increased the biomass of roots, straw and grains, and root antioxidant enzyme activities. Collectively, steel slag decreased Cd accumulation in rice tissues and in iron plaque but increased those of As, likely due to steel slag decreasing soluble Cd and enhancing soluble As in pore-water, related to soil pH and soluble nutrients (Si, P), and restraining Cd translocation within rice. Our results indicate that steel slag represents a favorable potential for Cdcontaminated paddy soils, though it seems undesirable for Cd and As co-contamination. Keywords Steel slag . Paddy rice . Pore-water . Iron plaque . Cadmium attenuation . Arsenic enhancement
Introduction During the past few decades, soil contamination by heavy metals has become a serious issue in agriculture, mainly due to anthropogenic activities, such as mining, smelting operations, sewage irrigation, and fertilizer application (Rai et al. 2019; Raj and Maiti 2020). Regarding heavy metals, particularly cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As, a metalloid but usually recognized Responsible Editor: Elena Maestri * Huaidong He [email protected] 1
School of Environment and Tourism, West Anhui University, Lu’an 237012, China
2
School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
3
School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
as a heavy metal) are extremely hazardous pollutants in agricultural soils, giving rise to suppression of crop growth, excessive Cd or As in cereals, and threats to human health through food consumption (Rai et al. 2019; Raj and Maiti 20
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