Effect of zinc-resistant Lysinibacillus species inoculation on growth, physiological properties, and zinc uptake in maiz
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of zinc-resistant Lysinibacillus species inoculation on growth, physiological properties, and zinc uptake in maize (Zea mays L.) Hardik Naik Jinal 1 & Kachhadiya Gopi 1 & Krishna Kumar 2 & Natarajan Amaresan 1 Received: 25 June 2020 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Soil contamination by heavy metals is one of the major abiotic stresses that cause retarded plant growth and low productivity. Among the heavy metals, excessive accumulations of zinc (Zn) cause toxicity to plants. The toxicity caused by Zn could be managed by application of Zn-tolerant plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria. In this study, five Zn-tolerant bacteria (100–400 mg−1 Zn resistant) were selected and identified as Lysinibacillus spp. based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The PGP properties of the Lysinibacillus spp. showed the production of indole acetic acid (60.0–84.0 μg/ml) and siderophore, as well as solubilization of potassium. Furthermore, the isolates were evaluated under greenhouse condition with 2 g kg−1 Zn stress and without Zn stress along with control on Zea mays. The results showed that Lysinibacillus spp. coated seeds enhanced plant growth attributes and biomass yield in both conditions compared with control plants. The enhancement of root growth ranged from 49.2 to 148.6% and shoot length from 83.3 to 111.7% under Zn-stressed soils. Also, the inoculated seedlings substantially enhanced chlorophyll a and b, proline, total phenol, and ascorbic acid. The uptake of Zn by maize root ranged from 31.5 to 210.0% compared with control plants. Therefore, this study suggested that the tested Zn-tolerant Lysinibacillus spp. may be used for cultivation of Z. mays in Zn-contaminated agricultural lands. Keywords Lysinibacillus . Maize . Plant growth promotion . Physiology . Zinc contamination
Introduction Anthropological activities such as use of agrochemicals, mining, electroplating, industrial activities, waste disposal, and incineration of waste are the principal causes of soil contamination by heavy metals worldwide (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias 2001). Soil contaminations with heavy metals are detrimental to the biological process in the environment (Singh et al. 2018). Several studies have shown that agricultural crops grown under high concentrations of heavy metals are considered as a source Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi * Krishna Kumar [email protected] * Natarajan Amaresan [email protected] 1
C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Surat, Gujarat 394350, India
2
Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay College of Horticulture & Forestry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Tirhut College Campus, Muzaffarpur, Bihar 843121, India
for serious environmental health and risk to human health. The plants grown on the heavy metal contaminations could act as an intermediate reservoir for transferring metals from soil to human being and other animals (Hattab et al. 2016). Among the heavy metals, zinc
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