The Effect of Non-biological Elicitors on Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Medicinal Plant Momordica charanti
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RESEARCH PAPER
The Effect of Non-biological Elicitors on Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Medicinal Plant Momordica charantia L. Razieh Sharifi-Rad1 • Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi1 • Alireza Samzadeh-Kermani2 • Morteza Gholami3 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 12 July 2020 Ó Shiraz University 2020
Abstract Carla (Momordica charantia L.) is a medicinal plant of the Cucurbitaceae family, which has antibacterial, anticancer, antitumor, hypoglycemic, hypertensive, and cholesterol properties. In this study, the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) (20, 60, and 100 ppm), jasmonate (100, 250, and 500 lM), and chitosan (10, 50, and 100 lM) were measured on the growth and some physiological and biochemical parameters of Carla plant. The results revealed the highest shoot weight of plants at 250 lM jasmonate and 10 lM chitosan, while ZnO-NPs had no significant effect on shoot weight. ZnO-NPs (20–60 ppm) and jasmonate (100 and 200 lM) significantly increased chlorophyll a content, but chitosan showed no effect on chlorophyll a content. Secondary metabolites such as phenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids as well as carbohydrate and proline content were significantly increased by all elicitors in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant enzyme activity showed varied responses to different concentrations of elicitors. Jasmonate increased catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidases (GPX) activity in a dose-dependent manner. Chitosan at all concentrations significantly increased CAT and APX enzymes activity, while at 100 lM concentration significantly increased GPX enzyme activity. ZnO-NPs did not affect GPX and AXP enzymes activity. Our findings confirmed for the first time that non-biological elicitors at specific levels have a significant growth promotion effect as well as increased production of valuable secondary metabolites in M. charantia. Keywords Momordica charantia ZnO nanoparticles Chitosan Jasmonate Secondary metabolites
1 Introduction Prescription of herbal medicine has been prevalent since ancient times (Sharifi-Rad et al. 2020). Carla (Momordica charantia L.) is a 1-year-old plant of the Cucurbitaceae family with long creeping vines (Joseph and Jini 2013). Several studies have reported the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of M. charantia (Grover et al. 2002; Jia et al. 2017). Carla is a good source of carbohydrates,
& Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
3
Department of Chemistry, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
proteins, minerals such as iron, calcium, vitamins, especially vitamin C, and dietary fibers (Yibchok-Anun et al. 2006). It also contains various bioactive metabolites such as phenolic compounds, triterpenes, charantin, momorcharin, saponin, momordin, vicine, oleanolic acids,
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