Effective Dose of Herbal Gold Nanoparticles for Protection of Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats
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Effective Dose of Herbal Gold Nanoparticles for Protection of Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats Mousumi Mitra 1 & Amit Bandyopadhyay 2 & Gouriprasad Datta 3 & Dilip K Nandi 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Overdose of acetaminophen causes hepatotoxicity due to NAPQI formation. The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles represents as a novel drug carrier in the field of drug delivery system. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of green synthesized herbal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna against acetaminopheninduced hepatotoxicity in an experimental rat model. In this study, group 1 served as normal control; group 2 received acetaminophen intraperitoneally at a concentration of 500 mg/kg of body weight for 14 days; and groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were coadministered with acetaminophen (500 mg/kg/day) and AuNPs (55, 175, 550, 2000 μg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 14 days. After 14 days, all animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological studies. Among different experimental doses of AuNPs (55, 175, 550, 2000 μg/kg/day), dose 175 μg/kg/day showed more potent activity towards wellness parameters, biochemical indices, and histopathological studies. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin, and MDA levels, but a significant decrease in SOD, CAT, and GSH activities in the hepatotoxic group in comparison with the control group, but co-administration with AuNPs (175 μg/kg/day) restored the activities of these biochemical markers. Hence, this study confirmed that AuNPs at a dose 175 μg/kg/day has better hepatoprotective efficacy. Keywords Acetaminophen . AuNPs . Terminalia arjuna . Hepatotoxicity
1 Introduction Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol (N-acetyl p-amino phenol; APAP), is a widely used safe drug when prescribed in therapeutic doses for a wide range of treatments [1]. Acetaminophen is one of the most widely used analgesic/ antipyretic agents in the world because of its overall efficacy and safety. A serious complication caused by acetaminophen is hepatotoxicity due to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) formation observed after large overdoses of the drug [2]. The liver mainly detoxifies toxic chemicals and drugs and becomes the main target organ for all xenobiotics. * Dilip K Nandi [email protected] 1
Department of Human Physiology, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women’s College (Autonomous), Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
2
Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India
3
Department of Physiology, Rammohan College, 102/1, Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India
Hepatotoxicity is one of the major endangerment to health in the present society. Herbs and herbal products are traditionally used for protecting liver function. Medicinal herbs together with metals and minerals are very useful in the treatment and management of pathophysiological conditions [3] due to
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