Effects of Aeration on the Formation of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under a Flooded State and Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Remova
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ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Effects of Aeration on the Formation of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under a Flooded State and Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Removal in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands Zhouying Xu 1 & Chen Wu 1 & Yichao Lv 1 & Fake Meng 1 & Yihui Ban 2 Received: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, six vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) planted with Phragmites australis were operated at different aeration times (4 h day−1 and 8 h day−1), aeration modes (continuous and intermittent), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation treatments (inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices and no inoculation) to explore the effects of different aeration strategies on the formation of arbuscular mycorrhiza under a flooded state in VFCWs. In addition, these VFCWs were further used to treat copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NP) wastewater to evaluate the correlations among aeration, colonization, growth, and CuO-NP removal. The highest AMF 28S copy number (1.99×105) and colonization in reed roots, with values of 67%, 21%, and 1% for frequency (F%), intensity (M%), and arbuscule abundance (A%), were observed in the treatment with intermittent aeration for 4 h day−1. Aeration significantly increased the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and AMF colonization in VFCWs, thereby promoting plant growth and the purification of the CuO-NPs. However, excessive and continuous aeration had little positive effect on AMF colonization. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of AMF for improving pollutant removal performance in constructed wetlands. Keywords Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi . Colonization . Aeration strategy . Flooded wetland . Dissolve oxygen
Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important part of soil microorganisms which can form symbiont with about 80% of land plant species [1]. AMF provide mineral nutrients (N, P, etc.) to the host plant and in return obtain lipids from the host plant [2]. In addition, AMF can enhance the resistance of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, flooding, cold, and heavy metals by improving the nutritional status of the host plant [3–5]. Because of these characteristics, AMF phytoremediation is widely used in the restoration of polluted environments. Over the past two decades, an increasing number of studies utilizing molecular and next-generation sequencing methods * Yihui Ban [email protected] 1
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
2
School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
have confirmed that AMF are also widely distributed in wetlands and aquatic habitats, and the diversity and abundance of AMF surviving in these habitats are comparable to those in terrestrial habitats [6–8]. Moreover, wetland plants can benefit significantly from AMF even under flooded condi
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