Impacts of Manganese Mining Activity on the Environment: Interactions Among Soil, Plants, and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza
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Impacts of Manganese Mining Activity on the Environment: Interactions Among Soil, Plants, and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Facundo Rivera-Becerril • Lucı´a V. Jua´rez-Va´zquez • Sau´l C. Herna´ndez-Cervantes • Otilio A. Acevedo-Sandoval • Gilberto Vela-Correa • Enrique Cruz-Cha´vez • Iva´n P. Moreno-Espı´ndola • Alfonso Esquivel-Herrera • Fernando de Leo´n-Gonza´lez
Received: 13 February 2012 / Accepted: 9 October 2012 / Published online: 4 November 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract The mining district of Molango in the Hidalgo State, Mexico, possesses one of the largest deposits of manganese (Mn) ore in the world. This research assessed the impacts of Mn mining activity on the environment, particularly the interactions among soil, plants, and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) at a location under the influence of an open Mn mine. Soils and plants from three sites (soil under maize, soil under native vegetation, and mine wastes with some vegetation) were analyzed. Available Mn in both soil types and mine wastes did not reach toxic levels. Samples of the two soil types were similar regarding physical, chemical, and biological properties; mine wastes were characterized by poor physical structure, nutrient deficiencies, and a decreased number of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores. Tissues of six plant species accumulated Mn at normal levels. AM was absent
F. Rivera-Becerril (&) S. C. Herna´ndez-Cervantes G. Vela-Correa A. Esquivel-Herrera Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Auto´noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Me´xico, DF, Mexico e-mail: [email protected] L. V. Jua´rez-Va´zquez Maestrı´a en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Auto´noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Me´xico, DF, Mexico O. A. Acevedo-Sandoval E. Cruz-Cha´vez Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Auto´noma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico I. P. Moreno-Espı´ndola F. de Leo´n-Gonza´lez Departamento Produccio´n Agrı´cola y Animal, Universidad Auto´noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Me´xico, DF, Mexico
in the five plant species (Ambrosia psilostachya, Chenopodium ambrosoides, Cynodon dactylon, Polygonum hydropiperoides, and Wigandia urens) established in mine wastes, which was consistent with the significantly lower number of AMF spores compared with both soil types. A. psilostachya (native vegetation) and Zea mays showed mycorrhizal colonization in their root systems; in the former, AM significantly decreased Mn uptake. The following was concluded: (1) soils, mine wastes, and plant tissues did not accumulate Mn at toxic levels; (2) despite its poor physical structure and nutrient deficiencies, the mine waste site was colonized by at least five plant species; (3) plants growing in both soil types interacted with AMF; and (4) mycorrhizal colonization of A. psilostachya influenced low uptake of Mn by plant tissues.
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient to the plant cell requirements. Mn plays an important role in the reactions of enz
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