Effects of chronic environmental exposure to waterborne lead and copper on the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems of
- PDF / 631,335 Bytes
- 8 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 39 Downloads / 182 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of chronic environmental exposure to waterborne lead and copper on the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems of zebrafish Jimmy De León1 · María Del C. Cotto1 · Carlos J. Olivo2 · Francisco M. Márquez1 Accepted: 5 June 2020 © Korean Society of Environmental Risk Assessment and Health Science 2020
Abstract Objective Because of pipelines corrosion, lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) ions could be generated at low levels in tap water leading to a chronic exposure with the potential to affect the neurochemical balance in the organism. Malfunction of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) systems are significantly implicated on learning, working memory, attention problems among others health impairment in humans. The aim of this research was to determine the toxic effect of Pb and Cu ions on the DA and 5-HT of the model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio). Methods Forty-eight adult zebrafish were exposed to the nominal concentrations of 12 µg/L of Pb2+, 39 µg/L of Cu2+ and to the co-exposure of both ions. Three subjects of each treatment were extracted every seven days of exposure. The fish brains were analyzed through liquid chromatography to quantify DA and 5-HT while the bodies were digested to measure the bioaccumulation with atomic absorption. Results There were no differences attributed to the different periods of time through the 28 days of exposure at any treatment. Significant differences were found between the means of the treatment populations, meaning that there was an effect on neurotransmitters due to exposure to metals. By the post-hoc test results, it was almost general that there were significant differences between the treatments mean population of the fish exposed to Cu vs control group, and between those exposed to Cu with the population exposed to Pb. Copper exposures increased the levels of DA and 5-HT in the brain of the zebrafish, whereas Pb effects were the total opposite. Conclusions As it has been observed, the effects on DA and 5-HT are different and mostly affected by Cu. In addition, coexposure of the metals exacerbates the toxic effects on the zebrafish by lowering the lethal concentrations. Keywords Lead · Copper · Serotonin · Dopamine · Zebrafish
Introduction
Jimmy De León, María Del C. Cotto, Carlos J. Olivo, and Francisco M. Márquez contributed equally to this work. * Jimmy De León [email protected] 1
Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Physics, School of Natural Sciences and Technology, Universidad Ana G. Méndez-Gurabo Campus, Gurabo, PR 00778, USA
Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1872 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523‑1872, USA
2
Currently, the main materials used to manufacture pipelines for drinking and waste waters are lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [1, 2]. Lead has been controlled or banned in many of its applications from the past, including paints, gasoline additive, and pipelines. Copper is considered relatively safe, but it is still controlled, and PVC is mostly used to carry gray
Data Loading...
