Effects of dietary whole grain, fruit, and vegetables on weight and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight and obese wome
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of dietary whole grain, fruit, and vegetables on weight and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight and obese women Niloufar Arabzadegan1 · Elnaz Daneshzad2 · Somayeh Fatahi2 · Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian3 · Pamela J. Surkan4 · Leila Azadbakht2,3,5 Received: 22 March 2019 / Accepted: 19 July 2019 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract Purpose The separate effects of whole grain (WG) and fruit and vegetable (F&V) diets on inflammatory biomarkers have not been assessed. Therefore, we evaluated these two high-fiber diets in relation to inflammation indices in obese and overweight women. Study design Parallel randomized clinical trial. Methods In the present study, 75 women were recruited and randomly assigned to three diet groups: a whole grain diet (WG-D) group, F&V group, and a combined whole grain and F&V diet group (WGFV-D) for 10 weeks. As a “feeding trial” all participants were asked to visit the clinic daily and eat prescribed foods in the presence of a nutritionist. Anthropometric indices and biochemical biomarkers were measured at baseline and after 10 weeks of the trial. Results Each of the three diet groups showed significant changes in serum biomarkers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, D-dimer, and serum fibrinogen) after following the diet for 10 weeks (P = 0.01). In adjusted models, significant changes were observed for CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, D-dimer, and serum fibrinogen (P = 0.01). In a model adjusted for malondialdehyde (MDA) level, a trend toward significance was observed (P = 0.05). Consumption of all three different diets for 10 weeks showed statistically significant change for all biomarkers (P
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