Effects of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on oral malodor and the oral environment: a single-center observational st
- PDF / 1,208,936 Bytes
- 6 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 94 Downloads / 170 Views
BMC Research Notes Open Access
RESEARCH NOTE
Effects of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on oral malodor and the oral environment: a single‑center observational study Nao Suzuki1,2* , Richiko Beppu3,7, Masahiro Yoneda4, Toru Takeshita5,6, Mikari Asakawa5, Yoshihisa Yamashita5, Takashi Hanioka1, Takao Hirofuji4 and Tetsuo Shinohara3,8
Abstract Objective: Although a relationship between Helicobacter pylori and oral malodor has been suggested, it remains to be confirmed. One reason for this is that many studies assess oral malodor subjectively. Another reason for the uncertainty is that the reduction in oral malodor may be due to the effect of antibiotics on the oral microbiota. In this study, changes in oral malodor along with the eradication treatment of H. pylori were investigated by organoleptic test and gas chromatography. In addition, the salivary bacterial composition and clinical parameters were analyzed. Results: The organoleptic test score, hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide concentrations, and all clinical parameters except for tongue-coating score were significantly decreased at 1 week compared with baseline. Although antibiotic treatment also altered the overall composition of the salivary bacterial population, it had recovered at 7 weeks. On the date that H. pylori was determined to have been eradicated from all of the subjects (7 weeks after treatment), only the organoleptic test score was significantly lower compared with baseline. The hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide concentrations were non-significantly lower than those at baseline. Keywords: Antimicrobial therapy, Helicobacter pylori, Oral bacteria, Oral malodor, Organoleptic test, Volatile sulfur compound Introduction A relationship between Helicobacter pylori and oral malodor has been known since the identification of H. pylori [1]. Upper gastrointestinal disorders can cause oral malodor, but oral malodor is linked to the oral cavity in 90% of cases [2]. Several cross-sectional studies have reported that H. pylori-infected individuals had oral malodor [3–5], but no difference in exhaled breath or stomach air [5] compared to uninfected individuals. Therefore, it has often been hypothesized that gastric or oral H. pylori
*Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Preventive and Public Health Science, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
infection alters oral conditions, possibly leading to oral malodor [6–8]. Observational studies of the effect of H. pylori eradication on oral malodor would help better to clarify the relationship between oral malodor and H. pylori infection [9–12]. Such studies should consider two points. First, it is necessary to evaluate oral malodor objectively. Prior studies assessed subjective symptoms of oral malodor using questionnaires and interviews; however, it is difficult for an individual to evaluate their own oral malodor accurately [13, 14]. Second, it is necessary to clarify the effects of the antibiotics used
Data Loading...
