Effects of fermented Aphanizomenon flos-aquae on the caecal microbiome of mice fed a high-sucrose and low-dietary fibre
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Effects of fermented Aphanizomenon flos-aquae on the caecal microbiome of mice fed a high-sucrose and low-dietary fibre diet Miyu Taniguchi 1 & Takashi Kuda 1 & Moemi Takei 1 & Hajime Takahashi 1 & Bon Kimura 1 Received: 20 May 2020 / Revised and accepted: 14 October 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, a freshwater cyanobacterium harvested from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA, is employed as a functional food material. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae can be fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. Here, to determine the dietary effects of A. flos-aquae (AFA) and fermented A. flos-aquae (F-AFA) on the mouse gut microbiome, high-sucrose diet containing no dietary fibre (NF), 5% AFA or 5% F-AFA was administered to ICR mice for 14 days. Compared with those in mice fed the NF, lower body weight gains and epididymal fat pad tissue weights were observed in mice fed the diet containing F-AFA. After feeding, the caecal microbiome was analysed by 16S rRNA (V4) gene amplicon sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq system. Sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units, with a 97% identity cutoff, using the QIIME2 workflow script and SILVA database. The caecal microbiome alpha diversity was high in mice fed the F-AFA diet. The abundances of Muribaculum- and Alistipes inops-like bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014-like bacteria belonging to phylum Firmicutes were higher in the F-AFA group than in the AFA group. Isolation of typical F-AFA-susceptible gut indigenous bacteria and functional studies of the isolates in the presence of FAFA are warranted to validate the current findings. Keywords Aphanizomenon flos-aquae . Lactobacillus plantarum . Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis . Gut microbiome . ICR mice
Introduction Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) is a freshwater bloomforming cyanobacterium that poses a threat to the marine environment and fishery industries worldwide (Cirés and Ballot 2016) due to its production of toxic compounds, such as paralytic shellfish toxins and respiratory toxic aphantoxins (Pereira et al. 2000; Zhang et al. 2016). However, ingestion of A. flos-aquae harvested from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA, and which is free of toxins (Carmichael et al. 2000) has demonstrated effects, such as human monocyte activation, antioxidant properties and hypolipidemia (Kushak et al. 2000; Pugh and Pasco 2001; Benedetti et al. 2004). In vitro growth-promoting (prebiotic) activities of A. flosaquae and its water extract were reported for Lactobacillus
* Takashi Kuda [email protected] 1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
acidophilus (Campana et al. 2017). However, a Lactobacilluspromoting activity of AFA was not found in the colon of inbred C57BL/6J mice fed normal chow and the caecum of closed colony Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice fed a high-sucrose and low-dietary fibre diet (Rasmussen et al. 2006;
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