Effects of growth conditions and cultivability on the content of cyclitols in Medicago sativa
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of growth conditions and cultivability on the content of cyclitols in Medicago sativa I. A. Ratiu1,2,3 · H. Al‑Suod1,2 · M. Ligor2 · F. Monedeiro1,2 · B. Buszewski1,2 Received: 31 January 2020 / Revised: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Cyclitols are secondary metabolites with bioactive properties, naturally occurring in plants. Accumulation of such metabolites is directly connected with abiotic stressing factors. This article investigates the influence exercised by a series of abiotic factors including plant treatment with elicitors and cultivability in various regions of Europe, in some cases during two seasons, onto the amounts of cyclitols produced in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The obtained results highlighted that NaCl elicitation acts to increase the quantity of cyclitols, while AgNO3 and Zn(NO3)2 generally decreased the obtained amount of cyclitols. When considering the seasonal impact, samples harvested in August presented a double amount of cyclitols in comparison with those collected in May. Correlation analysis proved that this phenomenon is related mainly to sunshine period versus low humidity. However, our investigation suggests that soil type, salinity level, lack of humidity, the number of sunny days, and plant elicitation play a role on the amount of cyclitols produced in alfalfa plant. Keywords Cyclitols · Elicitors’ impact · Abiotic factors influence · Alfalfa Abbreviations PAL Henylalanine ammonialyase DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide TMSI Trimethylsilylimidazole Cfb Temperate oceanic climate Dfb Warm-summer humid continental climate Cfa Humid subtropical climate an.av.h.t. Annual average high temperature an.av.l.t. Annual average low temperature an.av.t. Annual average temperature av.an.ppt. Average annual precipitation ppt.(d yr−1) Days per year with precipitation m.an.h.s. Mean annual hours of sunshine Editorial responsibility: Josef Trögl. * B. Buszewski [email protected] 1
Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4, 87‑100 Toruń, Poland
2
Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87‑100 Toruń, Poland
3
“Raluca Ripan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele, RO‑400239 Cluj Napoca, Romania
Introduction Since plants cannot get away from extreme abiotic factors such as light, drought, low or high temperatures, nor to move to more favorable regions, they are forced to develop mechanisms through which to protect themselves in order to adapt to the conditions they are exposed. The environmental factors like: temperature, light intensity and duration over a day, atmospheric humidity, the amount of precipitation, minerals provided by various soil types may all strongly influence the growth of a plant and hence secondary metabolites production (Ncube et al. 2012). The secondary metabolites, called phytochemicals are bioactive compounds, naturally synthesize
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