Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Fitness and Swimming Performance of Bufo raddei Tadpole
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Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Fitness and Swimming Performance of Bufo raddei Tadpole Wenya Zhang1 · Huiyu Zhi1 · Hao Sun1 Received: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 25 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Systematic studies on the impact of environmental pollution on the survival adaptability of amphibians are relatively few. In this study, Bufo raddei tadpoles from two places with totally different backgrounds of heavy metal pollution were chosen to explore the effects of heavy metal pollution on fitness and swimming performance of tadpoles, the physiological effects were investigated as well. The tadpoles at GS 25, GS 30 and GS 35 were collected randomly from the two study sites and were exposed to different environmental temperatures. The results showed that heavy metal enrichment and antioxidant levels were significantly higher in the tadpoles under long-term heavy metal stress. Meanwhile, heavy metal pollution affected the adaptability of tadpoles to environmental change and decreased the swimming performance of the tadpoles. Unexpected, the tadpoles from heavy metal-polluted area also showed some adaptive changes, mainly reflected in the increase in swimming endurance. Keywords Bufo raddei · Tadpole · Heavy metal pollution · Swimming performance In recent years, people are focusing on the decline of amphibia population, many researches show that the synthesis of a number of factors like viral and fungal contamination, ultraviolet radiation, parasitization, and so on, result in the rise of amphibian mortality, in which environmental pollution is one of the main causes (Egea Serrano and Tejedo 2014). Environmental pollution includes air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, pesticide pollution, radiation pollution, heat pollution and so on (Andrew et al. 2003). Among which water pollution has the greatest impact on amphibians. As for anuran amphibians, water is the main growth environment for their larvae. Because of its special physiological feature, amphibian tadpole can breathe in water using gill and skin (Crowder et al. 1998). Hypertonicity of tadpole’s skin brings about the sensibility of enriching all kinds of pollutants in water. Under water pollution, tadpole’s skin gains perception, which will affect a series of physiological activities and have a bad effect on * Wenya Zhang [email protected] 1
Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road 222, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
its growth (Carsten et al. 2011). Water pollution, especially heavy metal pollution even in low concentrations would lead to a series of toxic symptoms to tadpoles, including anomalous growth, lesion of nervous system, retardation of ontogenesis and the like (Chen et al. 2016), due to its strong propensity to accumulate and hard-degradation. Movement is a basic behavior of amphibian, it is a necessary action for hunting, mating,
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