Effects of immobilization of Actinobacillus succinogenes on efficiency of bio-succinic acid production from glycerol
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of immobilization of Actinobacillus succinogenes on efficiency of bio-succinic acid production from glycerol Apirak Bumyut 1 & Verawat Champreda 2 & Chatchawal Singhakant 1,3 & Suwimon Kanchanasuta 1,3 Received: 5 June 2020 / Revised: 5 October 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The aim of this research was to optimize bio-succinic acid production from glycerol by using Actinobacillus succinogenes. The effects of different substrate types (pure and crude glycerol), cell patterns (free cells and immobilized cells in agar), and carbonate sources (MgCO3 and CaCO3) on succinic (SA) production were studied in serum bottles. The maximum succinic acid concentration of 8.9 ± 0.5 g/L and yield of 1.27 g SA/g GLR were achieved using crude glycerol fermentation by immobilized cells supplemented with10 g/L of MgCO3 to increase dissolved CO2 in the system. However, a high concentration of MgCO3 (20 g/L) resulted in an adverse effect on SA production due to increasing pH which decreased CO2 fixation in the C4 pathway. The optimal conditions were used for up-scaling SA fermentation in a 1-L bioreactor using batch and semi-continuous operations. Higher SA concentration, glycerol utilization, and SA yield of 10.8 g/L, 88.8%w/w, and 1.25 g SA/g GLR, respectively, were achieved using the batch process. The development process is potent for further up-scaling the study for SA production. Keywords Succinic acid . Crude glycerol . Pure glycerol . Immobilized cells . Carbonate salt . Actinobacillus succinogenes
1 Introduction Biodiesel is a sustainable fuel which can replace fossil fuels because they are renewable and environmental-friendly [1]. In 2018, the US biodiesel industries produce 9.8 billion liters of biodiesel which was 6 times higher than that in 2007 [2]. In Thailand, biodiesel production has been rapidly increasing. In 2018, Thailand produced 1.6 billion liters of biodiesel compared to 0.45 billion liters in 2017 [3]. A by-product of biodiesel production is crude glycerol, which is produced at about 10% of the total volume of biodiesel. Prices of glycerol tended to decrease due to its over demand. Options to add value to crude glycerol are necessary for competition in the global market. Glycerol
* Suwimon Kanchanasuta [email protected] 1
Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi RD., Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
2
Biorefinery and Bioproduct Technology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin RD., Klong Luang District, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
3
Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Bangkok, Thailand
could be used as a raw material for the production of various products such as cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, methanol, ethanol, animal feed, biogas [4], 1,3-propanediol lubricant, solvent, biodegradable plastic (polyunsaturated fatty a
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