Glycerol carbonate production from transesterification of glycerol with diethyl carbonate catalyzed by Ca/Al-mixed oxide
- PDF / 1,064,213 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 56 Downloads / 254 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Glycerol carbonate production from transesterification of glycerol with diethyl carbonate catalyzed by Ca/Al-mixed oxides derived from hydrocalumite Ricardo L. Souza Júnior 1 & Thiago M. Rossi 1 & Chaline Detoni 1 & Mariana M. V. M. Souza 1 Received: 13 August 2020 / Revised: 2 October 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A series of Ca/Al-mixed oxides derived from hydrocalumite (HC) with Ca/Al atomic ratio of 2 was prepared by calcination at different temperatures and they were evaluated in transesterification of glycerol with diethyl carbonate (DEC) to produce glycerol carbonate (GC). HC was tested as non-calcined and calcined at different temperatures (600, 700, 800, and 900 °C). The catalysts presented a well-crystallized structure with low specific surface area. Non-calcined hydrocalumite presented higher density of basic sites (571 μmol g−1) with major proportion of strong basic sites; after calcination, catalyst basicity dropped dramatically. Reactions were performed with different temperatures (from 90 to 130 °C), catalyst amounts (5, 10, and 15 wt%), and solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide). Promising results were found using HC calcined at 700 °C, reaching 90% of glycerol conversion and 91% of GC selectivity at 130 °C. Keywords Glycerol . Diethyl carbonate . Glycerol carbonate . Hydrocalumite . Ca/Al-mixed oxides
1 Introduction Due to the depletion of the fossil resources and the growing search for less environmentally harmful chemicals, researchers have been looking for alternatives to supply this energy demand. An interesting alternative to fossil fuels is biodiesel that can be produced from a transesterification reaction using renewable sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats, algae, and fungi oil [1]. However, the increasing production of biodiesel also produces an excess of glycerol as the main byproduct [2]; each transesterified triglyceride molecule generates three ester molecules and one glycerol [3]. Glycerol is a versatile molecule, and it is a precursor to several compounds like glycidol, propanediol, glyceric acid, and glycerol carbonate [4, 5]. One of the alternatives for this glycerol surplus is its use for the production of glycerol carbonate (GC), which is an innovative product, being a sustainable solvent, due to its low
* Mariana M. V. M. Souza [email protected] 1
Escola de Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Bloco E, Sala 206, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21941-909, Brazil
toxicity, good interaction with polar and nonpolar solvents, high boiling point, and water solubility. Furthermore, it can be used as polymer monomer [6] and battery carrier [7]. Usually, GC has been synthesized by reaction between glycerol and phosgene, but due to phosgene’s high toxicity, alternative routes have been explored [5]. Another option is the use of urea as reactant, to avoid the use of phosgene, but the reaction produces 2 mol of ammonium as byproduct, which is u
Data Loading...
