Effects of MC-LR on histological structure and cell apoptosis in the kidney of grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella )
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Effects of MC-LR on histological structure and cell apoptosis in the kidney of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Li He & Lin Liu & Changgao Lin & Jiming Ruan & Ximei Liang & Ying Zhou & Lili Wei
Received: 17 February 2020 / Accepted: 30 May 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a well-known hepatotoxin; however, increasing evidence suggests that it might induce kidney injury. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is one of the most important farmed species and may be affected by MC-LR releasing into waterbody during cyanobacterial bloom. Here, this present study aimed to explore the nephrotoxicity of grass carp by MC-LR. The grass carp received a single intraperitoneal injection of different doses of MC-LR (0, 25, 75, and 100 μg/kg body weight (BW)), and the kidneys were isolated at 24 and 96 h post-injection (hpi). Histopathological examination revealed kidney lesions, with severe hemorrhage, necrosis of the interstitium, and dilation of Bowman’s capsule in the 75 and 100 μg MC-LR/kg BW groups. Under transmission electron microscopy, a larger number of swelling and vacuolated degeneration of mitochondria were observed; moreover, apoptotic features, such as condensed chromatin and shrinkage of cells, were observed in the 75 and 100 μg MC-LR/kg BW groups at 96 hpi. MC-LR significantly upregulated the number of apoptotic cells in the 75 and 100 μg/kg BW groups at 96 hpi as indicated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay (P < 0. 05). The results of quantitative assays showed that the mRNA expression of Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 in grass carp kidney
were significantly increased at 96 hpi in the 75 and 100 μg MC-LR/kg BW groups compared with that in the control group, but Bcl-2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in all the treatment groups at 24 and 96 hpi. Taken together, these results indicated that MC-LR damaged the kidney structure and resulted in renal apoptosis which may occur via the mitochondrial pathway. Keywords Microcystin-LR . Grass carp . Kidney . Histopathology . Cytology . Apoptosis
Introduction Cyanobacteria constitute the major part of the phytoplankton biomass in eutrophic ponds during summer and autumn, frequently forming water blooms, which can produce toxic metabolites, including microcytins (MCs) and nodularin (Drobac et al. 2016). MCs are a class of known hepatotoxins with monocyclic peptides, and there are more than 100 known variants (Puddick et al. 2014). Among the variants, MC-LR is known to be the most toxic variant (Hoeger et al. 2005). Many field and laboratory studies have shown that MC-LR can induce hepatotoxicity via inhibiting the activity of
Li He and Lin Liu contributed equally to this work. L. He : L. Liu : C. Lin : J. Ruan : X. Liang : Y. Zhou : L. Wei (*) College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045 Jiangxi Province, People’s
Republic of China e-mail: [email protected]
Fish Physiol Biochem
serine/threonine phosphatases (PPA and PP2
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