Precision surface irrigation with conjunctive water use
- PDF / 1,439,492 Bytes
- 17 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 32 Downloads / 254 Views
(2020) 6:75
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Precision surface irrigation with conjunctive water use Arif A. Anwar1 · Waqas Ahmad2 Received: 17 April 2019 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The Indus Basin Irrigation System is characterized as a gravity surface irrigation system, with minimal on-line or off-line storage and limited distribution control. An important characteristic is the limited water availability. On field irrigation within the Indus Basin Irrigation System is almost entirely using surface irrigation and only very few farms adopting pressurized irrigation systems. The objective of the warabandi management system that characterizes the Indus Basin Irrigation System is to distribute the limited available water as equitably as possible. This research evaluates surface irrigation under furrow and border strip irrigation using canal water and groundwater conjunctively. This paper presents results from a numerical model and field observations, to examine the precision surface irrigation paradigm within the water supply constraints imposed by the warabandi system of the Indus Basin Irrigation System. We conclude that laser grading within the IBIS is achievable at a modest cost and effort. Our findings suggest that the improved laser-graded profile persists for at least three crop seasons. Furrow irrigation can attain a high performance using either available canal or groundwater with low quarter distribution uniformity and low quarter application efficiency as performance indicators. Border irrigation can also attain a high performance provided irrigation is changed to fortnightly. Model predictions of advance curve and low quarter distribution uniformity are compared to field observations and in-situ measurement. Keywords Conjunctive water use · Surface irrigation · WinSRFR · Indus Basin Irrigation System · Pakistan
Introduction Background Although it might be possible to broadly articulate water scarcity as Rijsberman (2006) elaborates, there is no commonly accepted precise definition of water scarcity. Water is dynamic in nature, varying both spatially and temporally and the utility of water is not a logarithmic function—too much water i.e. floods can be devastating except if we have the capacity to store and/or attenuate the flood. Water quality adds further complexity to this debate. Notwithstanding the difficulty of defining scarcity, there is any number of water * Arif A. Anwar [email protected] Waqas Ahmad [email protected] 1
International Water Management Institute, 12 km Multan Road Chowk, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 5370, Pakistan
Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, South Korea
2
scarcity and water stress indicators and Wilhite and Glant (1985) and Gleick (2003) provide an extensive overview. Judging by any of the more widely used indicators, there is no doubt that Pakistan’s water resources are highly stressed (Briscoe and Qamar 2005; Archer et al. 2010). Pakistan depends heavily on irrigation with 90% of
Data Loading...
