Effects of Wood Ash-Based Alkaline Treatment on Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus Availability in Food Waste and Agro-Ind
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of Wood Ash‑Based Alkaline Treatment on Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus Availability in Food Waste and Agro‑Industrial Waste Digestates Alejandro Moure Abelenda1 · Kirk T. Semple2 · Alfonso Jose Lag‑Brotons2 · Ben M. J. Herbert3 · George Aggidis1 · Farid Aiouache1 Received: 17 April 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Handling of food waste and agro-industrial waste digestates, and fly and bottom wood ashes represents an economic and environmental problem for society and industries where they are produced due to the requirement of large capacity storage facilities with special conditions. Since both materials contain important nutrients for crops, two different blending combinations were examined as potential slow-release fertilizers to enhance the circular economy. High share of biomass ashes were selected aiming the chemical alkaline stabilization of the digestates. The concentrations of nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus in the water-soluble extract of the blends, which was obtained by adding ten parts of milli-Q® per each part of sample and subsequent solid–liquid separation, were measured during a 10-h incubation at 22 °C and 100 rpm. The volatilization of ammonia was the main route of losing nitrogen, with the greatest rate of volatilization at the time of blending and approximately 50 mg NH3-N/kg blend/hour by the end of the incubation. The hydrolysis taking place at alkaline pH was found responsible of the conversion of organic nitrogen to ammoniacal nitrogen and of the increase of the amount of water-soluble carbon, which rose progressively during the incubation. The release of C O2 was prevented by the high pH (> 10) of the blends. The drop in the concentration of water-soluble orthophosphate at the time of preparing the mixtures
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01211-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Farid Aiouache [email protected] Alejandro Moure Abelenda [email protected] Kirk T. Semple [email protected] Alfonso Jose Lag‑Brotons [email protected] Ben M. J. Herbert [email protected] George Aggidis [email protected] 1
Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
2
Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
3
Stopford Projects Ltd, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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Waste and Biomass Valorization
was driven by adsorption onto the ashes. The desorption of some of the orthophosphate was found to be inversely related to the amount of ashes added to the digestates. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Waste-derived fertilizer · Chemical alkaline stabilization · Hydrolysis · Ammonia volatilization · Orthophosphate sorption
Statement of Novelty
Introduction
This work contributed to the development of the technology of alkaline stabilization
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