Efficacy of smartphone-based Mobile learning versus lecture-based learning for instruction of Cephalometric landmark ide
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Efficacy of smartphone-based Mobile learning versus lecture-based learning for instruction of Cephalometric landmark identification Amin Golshah1, Fatemeh Dehdar2, Mohammad Moslem Imani1*
and Nafiseh Nikkerdar3
Abstract Background: Considering the increasing popularity of electronic learning, particularly smartphone-based mobile learning, and its reportedly optimal efficacy for instruction of complicated topics, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of smartphone-based mobile learning versus lecture-based learning for instruction of cephalometric landmark identification. Methods: This quasi-experimental interventional study evaluated 53 dental students (4th year) in two groups of intervention (n = 27; smartphone instruction using an application) and control (n = 26, traditional lecture-based instruction). Two weeks after the instructions, dental students were asked to identify four landmarks namely the posterior nasal spine (PNS), orbitale (Or), articulare (Ar) and gonion (Go) on lateral cephalograms. The mean coordinates of each landmark identified by orthodontists served as the reference point, and the mean distance from each identified point to the reference point was reported as the mean consistency while the standard deviation of this mean was reported as the precision of measurement. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 via independent sample t-test. Results: No significant difference was noted between the two groups in identification of PNS, Ar or Go (P > 0.05). However, the mean error rate in identification of Or was significantly lower in smartphone group compared with the traditional learning group (P = 0.020). Conclusions: Smartphone-based mobile learning had a comparable, and even slightly superior, efficacy to lecturebased learning for instruction of cephalometric landmark identification, and may be considered, at least as an adjunct, to enhance the instruction of complicated topics. Trial registration number: This is not a human subject research. https://ethics.research.ac.ir/ProposalCertificateEn. php?id=33714&Print=true&NoPrintHeader=true&NoPrintFooter=true&NoPrintPageBorder=true&LetterPrint=true. Keywords: Lateral cephalometry, Smartphone instruction, Lecture-based instruction
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is n
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