Efficacy of two seaweeds dry mass in bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soil and growth of radish ( Raphanus sativus
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Efficacy of two seaweeds dry mass in bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soil and growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plant Dalia Abd El-Azeem Ahmed 1
&
Saly Farouk Gheda 1 & Gehan Ahmed Ismail 1
Received: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 18 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study investigated the effect of Ulva fasciata and Sargassum lacerifolium seaweeds as heavy metal remediators for soil and on the growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The soil was inoculated by dry biomass of each seaweed alone and by their mixture. Seaweeds inoculation increased the organic matter content, clay-size fraction, and nutrients in the soil. Seaweeds mixture treatment caused a significant reduction in the contents of Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni in the soil samples and reduced them to the tolerable limits (40.2, 49.3, 43.8 and 1.1 mg kg-1, respectively), while Cd, Cr, Fe, and Mn contents were closely decreased to the tolerable limits. Biosorption of soil heavy metals by seaweeds decreased the bioaccumulated concentrations of metals in radish plant roots and/or translocated to its shoots compared to control. For seaweeds mixture-treated soil, cultivated radish roots were able to phyto-extract Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni from the soil (bioaccumulation factor values > 1) of 7.45, 1.18, 3.13, and 26.6, respectively. Seaweeds inoculation promoted the growth of cultivated radish and improved the germination percentage and the morphological and biochemical growth parameters compared to control plants. The achieved soil remediation by dried seaweeds might be due to their efficient metal biosorption capacity due to the existence of active functional groups on their cell wall surfaces. Increased growth observed in radish was as a result of nutrients and growth hormones (gibberellins, indole acetic acid, and cytokinins) present in dried seaweeds. This study shows the efficiency of seaweeds as eco-friendly bioremediators for controlling soil pollution. Keywords: Heavy metal soil pollution . Seaweeds . Bioremediation . Plant growth
Introduction Heavy metal pollutants in the soil are very hazardous due to their toxic effects and accumulation throughout the food chain (Zhuo et al. 2019). Hence, they seriously affect human health and ecosystem balance (Ayangbenro and Babalola 2017; Zhang et al. 2018). Therefore, it is an urgent requirement to apply an efficient, eco-friendly, and low-cost remediation method for heavy metals in soil (Sud et al. 2008). The adsorption by biomass is an important technique for the removal of heavy metals from the environment. Marine macroalgae (seaweeds) are one of the most promising types of Responsible Editor: Elena Maestri * Dalia Abd El-Azeem Ahmed [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
biomasses suitable for their use as biosorbents (Das et al. 2016; Nasab et al. 2017). The potential of seaweeds as biosorbents for removal of heavy metal has been discussed in man
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