Efficient degradation of orange II by ZnMn 2 O 4 in a novel photo-chemical catalysis system
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Efficient degradation of orange II by ZnMn2O4 in a novel photo-chemical catalysis system Qingzhuo Ni1,2,3, Hao Cheng2, Jianfeng Ma (✉)1,2, Yong Kong1, Sridhar Komarneni (✉)4 1 School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China 2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Science University of and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China 3 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China 4 Department of Ecosystem Science and Management and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A ZnMn2O4 catalyst has been synthesized via a sucrose-aided combustion method and characterized by various analytical techniques. It is composed of numerous nanoparticles (15–110 nm) assembled into a porous structure with a specific surface area (SSA) of 19.1 m2$g–1. Its catalytic activity has been investigated for the degradation of orange II dye using three different systems, i.e., the photocatalysis system with visible light, the chemocatalysis system with bisulfite, and the photochemical catalysis system with both visible light and bisulfite. The last system exhibits the maximum degradation efficiency of 90%, much higher than the photocatalysis system (15%) and the chemocatalysis system (67%). The recycling experiments indicate that the ZnMn2O4 catalyst has high stability and reusability and is thus a green and eximious catalyst. Furthermore, the potential degradation mechanisms applicable to the three systems are discussed with relevant theoretical analysis and scavenging experiments for radicals. The active species such as Mn(III), O2–, h+, eaq–, SO4– and HO are proposed to be responsible for the excellent degradation results in the photo-chemical catalysis system with the ZnMn2O4 catalyst. Keywords ZnMn2O4, photo-chemical catalysis, bisulfite, dye degradation
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Introduction
Water pollution has been a major issue of concern due to Received August 4, 2019; accepted October 21, 2019 E-mails: [email protected] (Ma J), [email protected] (Komarneni S)
the serious impact on all living creatures [1]. It has already been reported that the major organic compounds, which contribute to environmental danger are the textile as well as other industrial dyes [2]. Many dyes are nontoxic by themselves but when they are mixed with water, they easily form highly toxic complexes in wastewater and this wastewater can pollute water sources if improperly discharged to the environment. To suppress or alleviate the increasingly worsening problem of water contamination, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are intensively being developed as innovative water treatment technologies. Among various AOPs, heterogeneous photocatalysis has been shown to have a great potential as a low-cost, environmentally friendly and sustaina
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