Synthesis of peanut-shaped porous ZnMn 2 O 4 microparticles with enhanced lithium storage properties
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Synthesis of peanut-shaped porous ZnMn2O4 microparticles with enhanced lithium storage properties Fei Wang1,*
1 2
, Hanwen Dai1, Sheng Chen1, Jiaojiao Li1, and Yanming Wang2
School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, Anhui, China Information College, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, Anhui, China
Received: 18 August 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 30 September 2020
Peanut-shaped porous ZnMn2O4 microparticles assembled by nanoparticles have been prepared by annealing treatment of the Zn1/3Mn2/3CO3 precursors synthesized via a solvothermal reaction in water-triethanolamine binary solvent. The volume ratio of water to triethanolamine remarkably affects the shape and particle size of the carbonate precursor. The monodisperse ZnMn2O4 microparticles with a length of ca. 1 lm and a width of ca. 0.5 lm are constructed by many interlinked nanoparticles with a size of ca. 50–90 nm. As anode materials for Li-ion batteries, the peanut-shaped ZnMn2O4 microparticles display an outstanding rate capability with a lithiation capacity of 579 mAh g-1 at 4 A g-1 and long-cycle performance with a reversible capacity of 797 mAh g-1 after 700 cycles at 0.5 A g-1. The significantly enhanced lithium storage properties benefit from the desired porous micro-/nanostructures with suitable particle sizes, which enable the fast diffusion for lithium ions and the structural integrity of the electrode upon cycling.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction In recent decades, rechargeable Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have been extensively employed for modern mobile electronics due to their virtues of high voltage, long lifespan, and environmentally benign nature [1, 2]. Nonetheless, commercialized graphite anode offers a limited theoretical specific capacity (372 mAh g-1), hampering its practical application for advanced LIBs as well as the future electric vehicles (EVs) [3, 4].
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04583-1
Recently, transition metal oxides (TMOs) have emerged as candidates to replace the traditional graphite owing to their much higher theoretical capacities [5–7]. In contrast to single-component oxides, spinel mixed transition metal oxides, such as ZnMn2O4, ZnFe2O4, ZnCo2O4, MnCo2O4, etc., have been exploited as anode materials, owing to the complementary and synergetic effects caused by mixed metal cations, which can bring better electrical
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
conductivity and electrochemical performances [8–11]. Among different transition metal oxides, tetragonal ZnMn2O4 holds promise as a competitive anode for LIBs. On one hand, both Zn and Mn resources are low-priced, eco-friendly, and abundant in nature with respect to many other metals [12, 13]. On the other hand, as an anode for LIBs, ZnMn2O4 provides a larger energy density on account of its large theoretical lithiation capacity (784 mAh g-1) and low oxidation potential (* 1.2 V vs. Li?/Li) [14, 15]. Nevertheless, like
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