Electrochemical CYFRA21-1 DNA sensor with PCR-like sensitivity based on AgNPs and cascade polymerization
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RESEARCH PAPER
Electrochemical CYFRA21-1 DNA sensor with PCR-like sensitivity based on AgNPs and cascade polymerization Jinge Li 1 & Liying Zhao 1 & Dongxiao Wen 1 & Xiaofei Li 1 & Huaixia Yang 1 & Dazhong Wang 2 & Jinming Kong 3 Received: 8 February 2020 / Revised: 20 March 2020 / Accepted: 8 April 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, a new method of CYFRA21-1 DNA (tDNA) detection based on electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (e-ATRP) and surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (SI-RAFT) cascade polymerization and AgNP deposition is proposed. Firstly, the peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe is captured on a gold electrode by Au-S bonds for specific recognition of tDNA. After hybridization, PNA/DNA strands provide high-density phosphate groups for the subsequent ATRP initiator by the identified carboxylate-Zr4+-phosphate chemistry. Then, a large number of monomers are successfully grafted from the DNA through the e-ATRP reaction. After that, the chain transfer agent of SI-RAFT and methacrylic acid (MAA) are connected by recognized carboxylate-Zr4+-carboxylate chemistry. Subsequently, through SIRAFT, the resulting polymer introduces numerous aldehyde groups, which could deposit many AgNPs on tDNA through silver mirror reaction, causing significant amplification of the electrochemical signal. Under optimal conditions, this designed method exhibits a low detection limit of 0.487 aM. Moreover, the method enables us to detect DNA at the level of PCR-like and shows high selectivity and strong anti-interference ability in the presence of serum. It suggests that this new sensing signal amplification technology exhibits excellent potential of application in the early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Keywords CYFRA21-1 DNA . e-ATRP and SI-RAFT . AgNPs . Signal amplification
Introduction Malignant lung cancer threatens human health worldwide [1–3], and NSCLC patients account for approximately 80– 85% of total lung cancer patients [4, 5]. Several studies have Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02652-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Huaixia Yang [email protected] * Dazhong Wang [email protected] * Jinming Kong [email protected] 1
Pharmacy College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
2
People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
3
School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
confirmed that serum CYFRA21-1 DNA is a sensitive and specific marker related to the progression and recurrence of advanced NSCLC [6–9]. Currently, there are several methods for detecting cancer biomarkers, such as northern blot [10], western blot [11], immunocytochemistry [12], flow cytometry [13], and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) [14]
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