Electroflotation Extraction of Titanium Oxide and Nitride Powders from Aqueous Solutions
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ELECTROFLOTATION EXTRACTION OF TITANIUM OXIDE AND NITRIDE POWDERS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS A. V. Kolesnikov,1, 2 V. S. Kasyanov,1, 3 T. V. Davydkova,1, 4 and V. A. Kolesnikov1, 5 Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 6, pp. 3 – 11, June, 2020.
The kinetics of the electroflotation process of extracting TiO2 and TiN powders from wastewater was studied. As the experimental results show, stationary values are reached in 20 – 25 min. The electroflotation extraction ratio for titanium nitride powder without additives is low, 15 – 20%. The introduction of the anionic surfactant NaDBS and the cationic surfactant SeptaSAS increases the extraction ratio to 50 – 65% in NaCl and 45 – 60% in Na2SO4. The growth of the TiN extraction ratio is associated with the hydrophobization of the surface and growth of the particles of the dispersed phase. The highest extraction ratios are obtained by adding coagulants and coagulant-surfactant compositions. The two compositions Al3+–NaDBS and Fe3+–NaDBS work most effectively in Na2SO4 solutions; the extraction ratio is equal to 96%. High values of the extraction ratio are observed for TiO2 with the addition of the compositions Al3+ – surfactant and Fe3+ – surfactant. Key words: electroflotation, titanium oxide and nitride powders, surfactant [SAS], coagulant, coagulant-surfactant compositions, wastewater, Na2SO4, particle size, z-potential.
Technical ceramics are diverse materials in terms of chemical composition, properties, and applications. These products are used in electrotechnology, electronics, and mechanical engineering. Ceramics based on oxides (TiO2, Y2O3 ), refractory materials, titanium carbides and nitrides, silicon carbide, and other compounds are widely used. Materials based on titanium dioxide are common in different industries: paint, food, chemical, pharmacological, mechanical engineering, cosmetics, and paper. This is due to titanium dioxide’s wide assortment of specific physical and chemical properties. The high metrics for whiteness, color fastness, and chemical stability determine the demand for it in the paint, plastics, paper, and cardboard industries and, when combined with low toxicity, in the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries [1, 2]. The catalytic activity of titanium dioxide has been determined for different chemical and electrical processes, such as the production of ethanol from syngas, electrochemical production of chlorine, electroflotation purification of wastewater, and so on [3, 4]. Also noted is the high photocatalytic activity of TiO2 in the destruction 1 2 3 4 5
of high molecular organic compounds, which finds application in water purification [5]. A large number of works, examined, for example, in [6], are devoted to the use of TiO2 as a photocatalyst for obtaining active forms of oxygen in the UV treatment of water containing bacteria and organic matter. The use of titanium dioxide is not limited to the areas described above. The number of studies devoted to its use in medicine — as an immunomodulator or in t
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