Electrosynthesis and Properties of Conducting Polythiophene Derivative Using Co-surfactants in Aqueous Medium.
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Electrosynthesis and Properties of Conducting Polythiophene Derivative Using Co-surfactants in Aqueous Medium. T.El.Moustafid1, R.V.Gregory1, K.R.Brenneman2, P.M.Lessner2 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clem SC-29634 2 KEMET Electronics Corporation, Greenville, SC-29606, USA.
ABSTRACT The electrosynthesis of poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) from its monomer 3, 4ethylenedioxythiophene with doping by a mixture of lithium tosylate and co-surfactants sodium dodecylsulfate and sodium poly (4-styrenesulfonate) was performed. An anionic surfactant in aqueous solution was used to increase monomer solubility in water and reduce the potential oxidation relative to acetonitrile medium. Polymer films were synthesized by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic methods and characterized by IR, AFM and SEM spectroscopy.
INTRODUCTION During the last decade, the family of thiophenes has attracted a growing interest because of the ease of grafting substituents on the thiophene ring [1, 2]. One of the important derivatives of this family, poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has shown good stability and high electronic conductivity in its p-doped or n-doped forms [3]. These properties are desirable in many applications, including electrocatalysis, electrochromism [4], batteries [5], capacitors [6] and sensors [7]. In this report the effect of cosurfactants sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and sodium poly (4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) on the electropolymerization of water-insoluble 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in aqueous media was investigated. Using an anionic cosurfactant in aqueous solution increases EDOT solubility and significantly reduces the oxidation potential relative to acetonitrile medium.
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS The reactor was comprised of a one-compartment, three-electrode cell. An indiumtin oxide (ITO) electrode served as the working electrode and a wire of platinum Pt was used as the auxiliary electrode. The reference electrode was Ag/AgCl/Cl- (3 M). EDOT from Bayer was fractionally distilled under vacuum. All other reagents were from Aldrich. EDOT, lithium tosylate (LiTos) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) were employed at concentrations of 2×10-2 M; however, sodium poly (4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) was employed at 4×10-3 M. The PEDOT films were synthesized by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic methods utilizing a BAS 100 A Electrochemical Analyzer. The films were prepared by anodic oxidation of EDOT in aqueous solution using a potential between –1 V and + 1 V (Ag/AgCl) at room temperature using a 30
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mV/s sweep rate. Ten cycles were undertaken for all experiments. The resultant PEDOT films were insoluble.
DISCUSSION Previous work has demonstrated the formation of conductive, electroactive and electrochromic PEDOT using differ
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