Synergistic extraction of Eu(III) and Nd(III) from aqueous medium using a mixture of sulfasalazine and 1,10-phenanthroli
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Synergistic extraction of Eu(III) and Nd(III) from aqueous medium using a mixture of sulfasalazine and 1,10‑phenanthroline S. Shahida1,2 · Y. A. Abbasi2,3 · A. Ali2 · M. I. Khan4 · K. H. Shah5 · U. Farooq6 · M. Hafeez3 Received: 4 February 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Solvent extraction of Eu(III) and Nd(III) from aqueous medium was investigated by sulfasalazine in benzoyl alcohol as single extractant and then with synergic mixture of sulfasalazine and 1,10-phenanthroline in benzyl alcohol. The synergic mixture was found to extract studied rare earth elements with higher distribution coefficients. All cations studied have shown negligible effect on the extraction, whereas citrate and oxalate interfered seriously. The stoichiometric composition of extracted species was found to be M (SS)2.HSS.X and [M(SS)3.2phen] where M = Eu(III) and Nd(III). The extraction mechanism is also discussed. The extractant has high loading as well as recycling capacity without any degradation. Keywords Synergic extraction · Eu(III) · Nd(III) · Sulfasalazine · 1,10-phenanthroline
Introduction Rare earth elements (REEs) assumed the importance of indispensable metals mainly because of its fast growing demand in various fields such as electronics, metallurgy, phosphors, magnetism, catalysts, laser and ceramic technology. With the ever-increasing demands for REEs and their compounds, attention is being turned to the extraction and separation methods with high capacity and good recycling properties. Of the numerous technologies which can be employed for the separation of the REEs, solvent extraction offers a competitive alternative [1]. Solvent extraction is commonly employed technique for the selective * S. Shahida [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
2
Chemistry Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
4
Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
5
Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
6
Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
extraction of metals. In solvent extraction technique selective organic reagents are used that can form complexes with the metal ions in aqueous phase. This complex can thus be extracted in water immiscible organic reagents [2]. Commonly used organic reagents for solvent extraction of rare earths are organophosphorous compounds [3], β-diketones such as theonyltrifuoroacetone and acetylacetone [4, 5], high molecular weight amines [6] and alkyl salicylic acids such as 3,5-di-isopropyl salicylic acid and 5-n-hexylsalicylic acid [7, 8]. The extraction efficiency for metals can be improved by using mixture of two extractants that is called synergistic extraction and is an important branch of solvent extraction. It can not only improve t
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