Energy efficient wireless sensor network using optimum hops and virtual MIMO technique
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Energy efficient wireless sensor network using optimum hops and virtual MIMO technique Manish Kumar Singh1,2 · Syed Intekhab Amin2 Received: 1 May 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The virtual multiple-input multiple-output (V-MIMO) configuration provide the reliable broadband wireless communication that raises the data rate and reduce the energy consumption, for long range communication in the wireless sensor network (WSN). Generally in the WSN, the source node does not have sufficient power and transmission range to transmit data packets directly to the sink node. Therefore, the multihop technique is necessary to transmit data from source node to sink node. In this paper, multihop V-MIMO technique is used for long range communication in the WSN. In this technique, the source-to-sink route divides into many optimum hops, following which the 2 × 2 V-MIMO technique is applied to all the hops. The simulation results show that for long range communication, the multihop MIMO technique provides better energy saving than the MIMO technique or multihop single-input single-output (SISO) technique in a WSN, while satisfying the throughput and delay. The paper also presents the effect of path loss exponent on energy consumption. The simulation results clearly indicate that the energy consumption increases with an increase in the path loss exponent in the SISO, MIMO, single and multihop communication techniques. The result reveals that the network reliability is inversely proportional to the number of hops. Keywords Wireless sensor network · Single input single output (SISO) · Virtual multiple input multiple output (V-MIMO) · Cluster head (CH) · Sensor nodes
1 Introduction A wireless sensor network (WSN) has various potential applications like in environmental monitoring, medical care, battlefield surveillance, wildlife monitoring, etc. [1]. In some applications, the replacement of batteries is a very difficult task. Therefore, power saving is a very important issue in WSN [2, 3]. Clustering technique is generally used to design energy efficient WSNs. It divides the WSN into various clusters. Each cluster consists of many nodes and one or more cluster head (CH). CHs collect and aggregate data from nodes and transmit it to their base station (BS). Selection process of cluster head within the system can
help to maximize network performance as cluster head is responsible for various energy consuming tasks [4]. Sleep and wake technique with Time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme is used in WSN because of low power consumption and collision free data transmission [5]. In this technique, the radio of every sensor node remains switch off mode and it comes in switch on mode in its assigned broadcast time. The receiver of cluster head should be in switch on mode to collect data from its members [6]. The direct data transfer from the source node to sink node may not be possible due to limited signal amplification of the sensor nodes. Therefore, multihop communication is necessary
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