Enhanced bone regeneration of zirconia-toughened alumina nanocomposites using PA6/HA nanofiber coating via electrospinni
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ARTICLE Enhanced bone regeneration of zirconia-toughened alumina nanocomposites using PA6/HA nanofiber coating via electrospinning Hamid Esfahania) and Mahsa Darvishghanbar Department of Materials Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65178-38695, Iran
Behzad Farshid Materials Science & Chemical Engineering Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 117942275, USA (Received 17 April 2018; accepted 3 October 2018)
In this study, the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of electrospun polyamide 6 (PA6)/hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) were investigated. Adjusting the PA6/HA ratio to 1.15 (w/w) had a significant role in achieving an appropriate fibrous coating with an average diameter of 120 6 10 nm and surface porosity of 64.3%. The surface of bare and coated samples was hydrophilic, which promoted bone regeneration. The adhesion test of the PA6/HA mat demonstrated that a cohesive coating was formed on the ZTA via electrospinning. The in vitro bioactivity test of the PA6/HA coating in simulated body fluid (SBF) corroborated the formation of a nanostructured bonelike apatite phase. Cytocompatibility of the samples was evaluated through in vitro osteosarcoma-like cell (MG63) culture assays. The cytotoxicity study showed that the electrospun PA6/HA coating significantly improved cell attachment and spreading. The development of such bioactive, biomedical coatings opens new avenues for bone tissue engineering applications.
I. INTRODUCTION
The majority of conventional single-component ceramic or polymer materials cannot satisfy the critical requirements of specific applications such as use as a bone substitute (e.g., bone graft). Hence, other advanced and functionalized biomaterials need to be developed to address this need.1,2 Based on the requirements for synthetic bone implants, most of the attention has been focused on developing materials with physiochemical and biological properties similar to those of natural bone.3 Among the several types of alumina–zirconia composites, zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) seems to have the potential to be used as a load-bearing implant because of its high wear resistance, high elasticity, and excellent toughness.4–6 Although ZTA can provide a supportive framework for bone, both alumina and zirconia are chemically inert materials, meaning that they cause no adverse effects or tissue reactions.7,8 Known as biomimetic technology, recently nanotechnology has shown advances that have provided unique tools to promote the bioactivity of implants by promoting the bone remodeling and formation process.9 Given our experience with such ceramics, modification of the ZTA surface is a practical approach for promoting biomimetic a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2018.391 J. Mater. Res., 2018
technology.10 Using the combination of polymers and ceramics for creating biomimetic bone implants opens opportunities for new treatment strategies regarding bone fractures, defects, and diseases. Based o
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