Enhanced Capacitive Performance of Manganese Oxide/Mesoporous Carbon Composite Film Electrodes
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08550-8 Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Enhanced Capacitive Performance of Manganese Oxide/ Mesoporous Carbon Composite Film Electrodes MAHANIM SARIF,1,3 ZULKARNAIN ZAINAL ,1,2,4 MOHD ZOBIR HUSSEIN,1 MOHD HANIFF WAHID,2 and NOOR NAZIHAH BAHRUDIN2 1.—Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2.—Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 3.—Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia. 4.—e-mail: [email protected]
Manganese(III) oxide/mesoporous carbon (Mn2O3/MPC) composite films for supercapacitor electrodes have been synthesized using the incipient wetness impregnation method. Mn2O3 was polymerized on MPC film using resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) as carbon precursors, and Pluronic F127 as template. X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy were conducted to observe the structure and surface morphology of Mn2O3/MPC. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements were performed in 1 M potassium chloride electrolyte. Mn2O3/MPC composite film showed a specific capacitance 3.5 times larger than that of MPC film (53.59 mF cm2 versus 15.23 mF cm2). The increased capacitance was due to the combination of electrical properties of MPC film and the pseudocapacitive characteristics of manganese oxide. Mn2O3/MPC composite film showed fairly stable capacitance with approximately 71% retention after 1000 cycles of stability test, compared with 98% for MPC. Key words: Mesoporous carbon, manganese oxide, supercapacitor, pseudocapacitor, capacitive performance
INTRODUCTION Supercapacitors (SCs) can be classified into electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors and can provide excellent energy storage for electronic devices.1–3 Various electrode materials such as carbon xerogels and aerogels,4 activated carbons (ACs),5 carbon nanotubes, and templated carbons6,7 have been tested for the development of high-performance SCs. Compared with AC with disordered pores, ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) is a unique carbon material with uniform mesopores. Furthermore, the overall capacitance of
(Received March 21, 2020; accepted October 7, 2020)
AC is constrained by the limited diffusion of larger electrolyte ions through the micropores, thereby affecting the energy density. Mesoporous carbons (MPCs) with larger pore size can directly contribute to efficient diffusion of electrolyte ions through the material, thus improving the mobility in micropores and thereby enhancing the capacitance.8 The presence of organized mesopores provides an appropriate framework for successful electrolyte wetting and fast ion movement, which could resolve the crucial rate-limiting problems associated with SCs. In thi
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