Enhanced desalination performance of capacitive deionization using ZIF-8/Graphene nanocomposite electrode
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Enhanced desalination performance of capacitive deionization using ZIF-8/Graphene nanocomposite electrode Z. Kamali1 · M. Khashehchi1 · P. Zarafshan1 · E. Pipelzadeh2 Received: 2 November 2019 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Capacitive deionization (CDI) is greatly recommended as a desalination process for its eco-friendly and low energy consuming technique in removing salt ions (NaCl) from salty water. This study reports a Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8/ Graphene (ZIF-8/G) nanocomposite modified electrode performance in CDI technology. Based on its promising features, like large surface area and good electric conductivity, graphene is an adequate electrode. Interestingly, ZIF-8 is homogeneously well intergrown on the surface of graphene. Hence, electrochemical performance such as electrical conductivity and cyclic voltammetry in CDI unit were examined, and characteristics like the morphology, identification and determining the structure of the prepared materials were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). As an adsorbent, the prepared ZIF-8/G nanocomposite exhibits the best adsorption capacity about 141.6037 F/g higher than each individually and great electrical conductivity about 672 μs/cm. The high adsorption specific capacity and good reusability of the ZIF-8/G nanocomposite suggests that it can be applied as novel adsorbents showing attractive potential for the CDI technique. Keywords ZIF-8/Graphene · Nanocomposite · Capacitive deionization · Water desalination
Introduction Presently, the crisis of water scarcity has not only intensified in the field of domestic consumption, but it has also affected the agricultural and industrial sectors which make up the bulk of the consumption. The challenge of providing sufficient and fresh water would be more problematical in case of population growth, industrialization, and soil contamination which will affect the available fresh water resources (Li et al. 2010a, b; Pendergast and Hoek 2011; Wang et al. 2007; Zou et al. 2008; Elimelech and Phillip 2011). These important causes, along with social reasons such as public health, individual health, safety, and the environment, have provided a great impetus for the development of modern technologies to water shortages (Elimelech and William 2011). As a result, a solution such as water desalination has emerged as a key * M. Khashehchi [email protected] 1
Department of Agro‑Technology Engineering, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Chemistry Engineering Department, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
2
structure for our future life. In fact, desalination is defined as a process that removes dissolved solids from the brackish water or seawater, which are the most two important resources of useless waters. Accordingly, there have been many efforts to improve the desalination techniques. Since 97.5% of all the Earth’s water is contained within t
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